{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T19:42:20Z","timestamp":1776022940458,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Safety Academic Fund of China-NSAF","award":["U2330202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2330202"]}]},{"name":"National Safety Academic Fund of China-NSAF","award":["52175162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52175162"]}]},{"name":"National Safety Academic Fund of China-NSAF","award":["51805086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51805086"]}]},{"name":"National Safety Academic Fund of China-NSAF","award":["51975123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51975123"]}]},{"name":"National Safety Academic Fund of China-NSAF","award":["2023XQ005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XQ005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2330202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2330202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52175162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52175162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51805086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51805086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51975123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51975123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023XQ005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XQ005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Technologies Innovation and Industrialization Projects in Fujian Province","award":["U2330202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2330202"]}]},{"name":"Key Technologies Innovation and Industrialization Projects in Fujian Province","award":["52175162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52175162"]}]},{"name":"Key Technologies Innovation and Industrialization Projects in Fujian Province","award":["51805086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51805086"]}]},{"name":"Key Technologies Innovation and Industrialization Projects in Fujian Province","award":["51975123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51975123"]}]},{"name":"Key Technologies Innovation and Industrialization Projects in Fujian Province","award":["2023XQ005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XQ005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, the incidence rate of lumbar diseases has been progressively increasing. The conventional lumbar fusion cages used in existing lumbar interbody fusion surgery are not able to take into account the multiple characteristics of cushioning, vibration reduction, support, cell adhesion, and bone tissue growth. Therefore, in this work, based on the CT data of a lumbar intervertebral disc plain scan, a combined symmetric lumbar fusion cage structure was innovatively designed. The core was made of lightweight TC4 medical titanium alloy flexible microporous metal rubber (LTA-FMP MR), and the outer frame was made of cobalt\u2013chromium\u2013molybdenum alloy. Its comprehensive biomechanical performance was comprehensively evaluated through finite element simulation, static and dynamic mechanics, and impact resistance tests. The three-dimensional model of the L3\/L4 lumbar segment was established by reverse engineering, and a Mises stress analysis was conducted on the lumbar fusion cage by importing it into Ansys to understand its structural advantages compared to the traditional lumbar fusion cage. Through static experiments, the influence of the internal nucleus of a symmetrical lumbar fusion cage with different material parameters on its static performance was explored. At the same time, to further explore the superior characteristics of this symmetrical structure in complex human environments, a biomechanical test platform was established to analyze its biomechanical performance under sinusoidal excitation of different amplitudes and frequencies, as well as impact loads of different amplitudes and pulse widths. The results show that under different amplitudes and frequencies, the lumbar fusion cage with a symmetrical structure has a small loss factor, a high impact isolation coefficient, and a maximum energy consumption of 422.8 N\u00b7mm, with a maximum kinetic energy attenuation rate of 0.43. Compared to existing traditional lumbar fusion cages in clinical practice, it not only has sufficient stiffness, but also has good vibration damping, support, and impact resistance performance, and has a lower probability of postoperative settlement, which has broad application prospects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15101938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T11:46:26Z","timestamp":1697715986000},"page":"1938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Design and Biomechanical Properties of Symmetrical Lumbar Fusion Cage Based on Lightweight Titanium Alloy Flexible Microporous Metal Rubber"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning High Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning High Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umale, S., Yoganandan, N., Baisden, J.L., Choi, H., and Kurpad, S.N. 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