{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:34:36Z","timestamp":1760150076637,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of SIRS-type malaria in hosts and SI in mosquito populations is proposed. The host population is differentiated between naive, primary, and secondary susceptible individuals. Primary and secondary infected individuals (and also recovered) are differentiated from each other according to their degree of infectiousness. The impact of changing the relative susceptibilities of primary and secondary (with respect to naive) susceptible individuals on the dynamics is investigated. Also, the impact of changing the relative infectiousness of secondary infected, primary, and secondary recovered individuals (with respect to primary infected) on the transmission dynamics of malaria is studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15101950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T12:59:01Z","timestamp":1697893141000},"page":"1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Role of Differential Susceptibility and Infectiousness on the Dynamics of an SIRS Model for Malaria Transmission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7652-0094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muntaser","family":"Safan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"},{"name":"Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA"}]},{"given":"Derdei","family":"Bichara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA"}]},{"given":"Kamuela E.","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mathematics, Natural and Health Sciences, University of Hawaii\u2014West Oahu, Kapolei, HI 96707, USA"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Castillo-Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon A. Levin Mathematical, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA"},{"name":"School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-5","article-title":"History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors","volume":"3","author":"Cox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1038\/3943","article-title":"Malaria: A 21st century solution for an ancient disease","volume":"4","author":"Wirth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. 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