{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:33:46Z","timestamp":1770755626447,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-19-00494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-19-00494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FSMR-2023-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSMR-2023-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Assignment","award":["21-19-00494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-19-00494"]}]},{"name":"State Assignment","award":["FSMR-2023-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSMR-2023-0003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anodic titania nanotubes (TiO2-NT) are very promising for use in photocatalysis and photovoltaics due to their developed surface, symmetrical structure and conductive properties, which, moreover, makes them a convenient matrix for creating various nanocomposites. Herein we propose a new facile way of synthesizing symmetrical TiO2-NT followed by a modification with barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles, combining the advantages of electrochemical oxidation and hydrothermal synthesis. The electrophysical and optoelectronic properties of the formed nanocomposites have been studied. An asymmetry of the current\u2013voltage characteristics was revealed. It is shown that during the barium titanate deposition, a symmetry-breaking nanoheterojunction TiO2\/BaTiO3 is formed. Using EPR spectroscopy, paramagnetic defects (titanium, barium and oxygen vacancies) in the samples were determined. It was observed for the first time that upon illumination of titania nanotubes modified with BaTiO3, the asymmetrical separation of photoexcited charge carriers (electrons and holes) between TiO2-NT and BaTiO3 occurs, followed by the capture of electrons and holes by defects. As a result, the photoinduced charge accumulates on the defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15122141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T08:36:59Z","timestamp":1701419819000},"page":"2141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Asymmetry of Structural and Electrophysical Properties of Symmetrical Titania Nanotubes as a Result of Modification with Barium Titanate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4542-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Konstantinova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3195-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Zaitsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Kytina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Martyshov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timofey","family":"Savchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2013MIET, Moscow 125993, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danil","family":"Butmanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2013MIET, Moscow 125993, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Dronova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2013MIET, Moscow 125993, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Krupanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2013MIET, Moscow 125993, Russia"},{"name":"Phystech School of Electronics, Photonics and Molecular Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow 141701, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidiya","family":"Volkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2013MIET, Moscow 125993, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Structural Analysis and Metrology, INME RAS, Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Tarasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies, National Research University of Electronic Technology\u2013MIET, Moscow 125993, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2020.106012","article-title":"Core-shell TiO2@ HfO2 nanowire arrays with designable shell thicknesses for improved permittivity and energy density in polymer nanocomposites","volume":"137","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. 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