{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:12:08Z","timestamp":1762254728814,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are eating diseases characterized by extreme eating behaviours impacting both mental and physical health. Aberrant musculoskeletal adaptations due to malnutrition affect motor abilities such as postural control and gait. To date, limited data is available with regards to gait symmetry in AN and BN. The aim of this study was to characterize inter-limb asymmetry during gait in two cohorts affected by AN and BN, respectively, using the synchronized cyclograms and to compare it with a healthy weight group. A total of 14 AN, 17 BN, and 11 healthy-weight females were assessed via 3D gait analysis. Gait spatio-temporal parameters were computed together with angle\u2013angle diagrams, which were characterized in terms of their geometric features. Individuals with AN and BN were characterized by reduced speed and cadence and an abnormal increase in the duration of the double support phase with respect to the healthy controls. With respect to inter-limb symmetry, asymmetries were detected in both groups, with individuals with BN exhibiting significantly larger cyclogram areas at the hip joint with respect to the other groups (323.43 degrees2 vs. 253.74 degrees2 vs. 136.37 degrees2) and significantly higher orientation angle and Trend Symmetry at both knee and ankle joint. The cyclogram analysis suggests the presence of an altered gait symmetry in individuals with BN. In the AN group, it is possible to observe a similar trend; however, this is not statistically significant. Overall, the findings of this study may provide a novel perspective on the motor control dysfunction linked to eating disorders and aid clinicians in selecting a suitable rehabilitation scheme targeted at enhancing motor stability and control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15122200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T03:16:33Z","timestamp":1702610193000},"page":"2200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synchronized Cyclograms to Assess Inter-Limb Symmetry during Gait in Women with Anorexia and Bulimia: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9835-3629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Pau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1983-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Cerfoglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Strada Luigi Cadorna 90, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3719-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Capodaglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Strada Luigi Cadorna 90, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3854-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Marrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Mendolicchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Unit for Eating Disorders and Nutrition, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Strada Luigi Cadorna 90, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3835-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micaela","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Leban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6299-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Cimolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Laboratory in Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Strada Luigi Cadorna 90, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20935","article-title":"The evolving epidemiology and differential etiopathogenesis of eating disorders: Implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Treasure","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22329","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of disordered eating from early adolescence to young adulthood: A longitudinal study","volume":"47","author":"Slane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000356","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders in men and women of middle and older age","volume":"30","author":"Hoek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12839","article-title":"Association between gait abnormality and malnutrition in a community-dwelling elderly population","volume":"17","author":"Misu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20625","article-title":"Gender difference in the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms","volume":"42","author":"Rosselli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0968(200008)8:4<321::AID-ERV355>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Eating disorders in males: A comparison with female patients","volume":"8","author":"Troop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000739","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa","volume":"34","author":"Hoek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"496","article-title":"Eating disorders in adolescents: Position paper of the society for adolescent medicine","volume":"33","author":"Golden","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01162-z","article-title":"An update on the prevalence of eating disorders in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23004","article-title":"Psychiatric and medical correlates of DSM-5 eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States","volume":"52","author":"Udo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"61","author":"Hudson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-017-0149-z","article-title":"Burden and health-related quality of life of eating disorders, including Avoidant\/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), in the Australian population","volume":"5","author":"Hay","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00654-2","article-title":"Psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders: Findings from a rapid review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Hambleton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2020.0099","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa in adolescents","volume":"81","author":"Neale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"11","article-title":"Bulimia nervosa in adolescents: Prevalence and treatment challenges","volume":"9","author":"Hail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adolesc. Health. Med. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-018-0188-0","article-title":"Relationships between compulsive exercise, quality of life, psychological distress and motivation to change in adults with anorexia nervosa","volume":"6","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22481","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of anorexia nervosa: A systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Sachs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.08.023","article-title":"Eating disorders and suicidality: What we know, what we don\u2019t know, and suggestions for future research","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.8.1284","article-title":"The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century","volume":"159","author":"Steinhausen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B3.0840392","article-title":"Indications of disordered eating behaviour in adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"84","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"122","article-title":"Gait analysis in anorexia and bulimia nervosa","volume":"11","author":"Cimolin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomater. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"335","article-title":"Balance in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa","volume":"45","author":"Fontana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050850","article-title":"Structural and functional changes in skeletal muscle in anorexia nervosa","volume":"95","author":"McLoughlin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-7-3","article-title":"Effect of obesity and low back pain on spinal mobility: A cross sectional study in women","volume":"7","author":"Vismara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02396.x","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of functional limitation of upper limb movements in subjects affected by ataxia","volume":"16","author":"Menegoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309348509","article-title":"Review: Toward a better understanding of coordination in healthy and poststroke gait","volume":"24","author":"Krasovsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.08.006","article-title":"The symmetry angle: A novel, robust method of quantifying asymmetry","volume":"27","author":"Zifchock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2018.01.013","article-title":"Gait symmetry measures: A review of current and prospective methods","volume":"42","author":"Viteckova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kutilek, P., Socha, V., Svoboda, Z., and Smrcka, P. (2014, January 3\u20135). Evaluation of muscular moment asymmetry using bilateral cyclograms. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Mechatronics\u2014Mechatronika 2014, Brno, Czech Republic.","DOI":"10.1109\/MECHATRONIKA.2014.7018291"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilkar, R., Ramanujam, A., Chervin, K., Forrest, G.F., and Nolan, K.J. (2018). Cyclogram-based joint symmetry assessment after utilization of a foot drop stimulator during post-stroke hemiplegic gait. J. Biomech. Eng., 140.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4040774"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marrone, F., Pau, M., Vismara, L., Porta, M., Bigoni, M., Leban, B., Cerfoglio, S., Galli, M., Mauro, A., and Cimolin, V. (2022). Synchronized Cyclograms to Assess Inter-Limb Symmetry during Gait in Post-Stroke Patients. Symmetry, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14081560"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103741","article-title":"Inter-joint coordination during gait in people with multiple sclerosis: A focus on the effect of disability","volume":"60","author":"Pau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1350","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002161","article-title":"A Kinematic Symmetry Index of Gait Patterns Between Older Adults with and Without Low Back Pain","volume":"42","author":"Sung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"209","article-title":"Gait asymmetries in unilateral symptomatic hip osteoarthritis and their association with radiographic severity and pain","volume":"29","author":"Farkas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hip Int. J. Clin. Exp. Res. Hip Pathol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, X., Ewins, D., Crocombe, A.D., and Xu, W. (2017). Kinematic and biomimetic assessment of a hydraulic ankle\/foot in level ground and camber walking. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180836"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(98)00014-9","article-title":"A new gait parameterization technique by means of cyclogram moments: Application to human slope walking","volume":"8","author":"Goswami","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Goswami, A. (2009). Kinematic Quantification of Gait Asymmetry Based on Bilateral Cyclograms. (7,503,900 B2), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3390\/biomechanics2030035","article-title":"Gait Kinematics and Asymmetries Affecting Fall Risk in People with Chronic Stroke: A Retrospective Study","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomechanics"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.142","article-title":"Gait Asymmetry in Community-Ambulating Stroke Survivors","volume":"89","author":"Patterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00063","article-title":"Effects of Anorexia Nervosa on Bone Metabolism","volume":"39","author":"Fazeli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06312-2","article-title":"Eating disorders are associated with increased risk of fall injury and fracture in Swedish men and women","volume":"33","author":"Axelsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/165019701750300609","article-title":"Fracture risk in patients with muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"33","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stenum, J., and Choi, J.T. (2021). Disentangling the energetic costs of step time asymmetry and step length asymmetry in human walking. J. Exp. Biol., 224.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.242258"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90046-Z","article-title":"A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique","volume":"10","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"109","article-title":"Angle\u2014Angle Diagrams in the Assessment of Locomotion","volume":"59","author":"Hershler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.12.002","article-title":"A method for analyzing joint symmetry and normalcy, with an application to analyzing gait","volume":"24","author":"Crenshaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.05.028","article-title":"Gait modification when decreasing double support percentage","volume":"92","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2215","article-title":"Comorbidity of anxiety disorders with anorexia and bulimia nervosa","volume":"161","author":"Kaye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199504)17:3<291::AID-EAT2260170310>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Premorbid onset of psychopathology in long-term recovered anorexia nervosa","volume":"17","author":"Deep","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"77","article-title":"Comorbidity of axis I psychiatric disorders in bulimia nervosa","volume":"56","author":"Brewerton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.12.008","article-title":"Harmonic ratios: A quantification of step to step symmetry","volume":"46","author":"Bellanca","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cimolin, V., Cau, N., Sartorio, A., Capodaglio, P., Galli, M., Tringali, G., Leban, B., Porta, M., and Pau, M. (2019). Symmetry of Gait in Underweight, Normal and Overweight Children and Adolescents. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092054"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewer, M., Bauer, A., Hartmann, A.S., and Vocks, S. (2017). Different Facets of Body Image Disturbance in Binge Eating Disorder: A Review. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121294"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw043","article-title":"Age-Related Change in Mobility: Perspectives from Life Course Epidemiology and Geroscience","volume":"71","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1990.tb01554.x","article-title":"Histologic Changes in Skin Associated with Aging","volume":"16","author":"KURBAN","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-020-0043-9","article-title":"The aging human body shape","volume":"6","author":"Frenzel","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech. Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23289","article-title":"Body composition and cardiometabolic health across the menopause transition","volume":"30","author":"Marlatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S286","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.161493","article-title":"Eating disorders in women","volume":"57","author":"Sharan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2019.05.012","article-title":"Eating Disorders in Males","volume":"28","author":"Gorrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchison, D., Hay, P., Slewa-Younan, S., and Mond, J. (2014). The changing demographic profile of eating disorder behaviors in the community. BMC Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-943"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-015-0058-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of eating disorders, eating disordered behaviour, and body image disturbance in males: A narrative review","volume":"3","author":"Mitchison","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00148","article-title":"Intralimb coordination as a sensitive indicator of motor-control impairment after spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Awai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/12\/2200\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:39:09Z","timestamp":1760132349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/15\/12\/2200"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["sym15122200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym15122200","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]}}}