{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:44:11Z","timestamp":1760150651439,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas (CONAHCyT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["839412","IES\\R1\\221087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["839412","IES\\R1\\221087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The University of Birmingham","award":["839412","IES\\R1\\221087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["839412","IES\\R1\\221087"]}]},{"name":"The Royal Society","award":["839412","IES\\R1\\221087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["839412","IES\\R1\\221087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, we present a grid study oriented to capture 3D flow simulations around smooth and wrinkled cylinders that could have practical applications in various engineering areas. The study considers three Reynolds numbers, namely, a benchmark Re =2.14\u00d7104 and two orders of magnitude above and below it. The main contributions of the paper relate to the optimization of the computational mesh for the spanwise direction of the wind flow that results from the computational-mathematical framework employed, in addition to a novel visualization technique that unfolds features in the recording data that could otherwise be hidden when using traditional plots. We compare our benchmark results with those reported by other authors to conclude that the intermediate resolution grids employed with the widest spanwise provide acceptable results. Furthermore, the new visualization technique offers significant advantages compared to traditional pressure maps, regarding clarity for observing and interpreting local flow disturbances, making variations with Re clearer, and by enabling the detection of asymmetries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16010032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T02:58:12Z","timestamp":1703645892000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Advances in Numerical Data Visualization of Flow around a Square Cylinder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5191-3462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario A.","family":"Aguirre-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez 29050, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5527-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filiberto","family":"Hueyotl-Zahuantitla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez 29050, Mexico"},{"name":"National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, Mexico City 03940, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Mart\u00ednez-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2019.106450","article-title":"VLES of drag reduction for high Reynolds number flow past a square cylinder based on OpenFOAM","volume":"190","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocean. 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