{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:03:03Z","timestamp":1787616183884,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We use Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) to probe Beyond Standard Model physics in the neutrino sector. Recently, the abundances of primordially produced light elements D and He-4 were determined from observations with better accuracy. The good agreement between the theoretically predicted abundances of primordially produced light elements and those derived from observations allows us to update the BBN constraints on Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics. We provide numerical analysis of several BSM models of BBN and obtain precise cosmological constraints and indications for new neutrino physics. Namely, we derive more stringent BBN constraints on electron neutrino\u2013sterile neutrino oscillations corresponding to 1% uncertainty of the observational determination of the primordial He-4. The cosmological constraints are obtained both for the zero and non-zero cases of the initial population of the sterile neutrino state. Then, in a degenerate BBN model with neutrino \u03bde\u2194\u03bds oscillations, we analyze the change in the cosmological constraints in case lepton asymmetry L is big enough to suppress oscillations. We obtain constraints on the lepton asymmetry L. We discuss a possible solution to the dark radiation problem in degenerate BBN models with \u03bde\u2194\u03bds oscillations in case L is large enough to suppress neutrino oscillations during the BBN epoch. Interestingly, the required value of L for solving the DR problem is close to the value of L indicated by the EMPRESS experiment, and also it is close to the value of lepton asymmetry that is necessary to relax Hubble tension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16010053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T06:37:12Z","timestamp":1704004632000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Constraints and Indications for Beyond Standard Model Neutrino Physics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4628-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Kirilova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Shosse 72 Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Panayotova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Shosse 72 Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuil","family":"Chizhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Astronomy and NAO, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Shosse 72 Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.75.2650","article-title":"Candidate events in a search for anti-muon-neutrino \u2014> anti-electron-neutrino oscillations","volume":"75","author":"Athanassopoulos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phys. 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