{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T18:06:25Z","timestamp":1762625185728,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basque Government","award":["ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051","GIU20\/063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051","GIU20\/063"]}]},{"name":"Diputaci\u00f3n Foral de \u00c1lava (DFA)","award":["ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051","GIU20\/063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051","GIU20\/063"]}]},{"name":"UPV\/EHU","award":["ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051","GIU20\/063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ELKARTEK KK-2023\/00051","GIU20\/063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Solar radiation data play a pivotal role in harnessing solar energy. Unfortunately, the availability of these data is limited due to the sparse distribution of meteorological stations worldwide. This paper introduces and simulates three models designed for estimating and predicting global solar radiation at ground level. Furthermore, it conducts an in-depth analysis and comparison of the simulation results derived from these models, utilizing measured data from selected sites in Algeria where such information is accessible. The focus of our study revolves around three empirical models: Capderou, Lacis and Hansen, and Liu and Jordan. These models utilize day number and solar factor as input parameters, along with the primary site\u2019s geographical coordinates\u2014longitude, latitude, and altitude. Additionally, meteorological parameters such as relative humidity, temperature, and pressure are incorporated into the models. The objective is to estimate global solar radiation for any given day throughout the year at the specified location. Upon simulation, the results highlight that the Capderou model exhibits superior accuracy in approximating solar components, demonstrating negligible deviations between real and estimated values, especially under clear-sky conditions. However, these models exhibit certain limitations in adverse weather conditions. Consequently, alternative approaches, such as fuzzy logic methods or models based on satellite imagery, become essential for accurate predictions in inclement weather scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T05:12:17Z","timestamp":1704431537000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design, Implementation and Comparative Analysis of Three Models for Estimation of Solar Radiation Components on a Horizontal Surface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6174-3299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilyas","family":"Rougab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Analysis and Control of Energy Systems and Electrical Networks, Department of Electronic, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat 03000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4430-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Barambones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering School of Vitoria, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Yousri","family":"Silaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering School of Vitoria, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, Nieves Cano 12, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Cheknane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials, Energy Systems, Renewable Energies and Energy Management Laboratory, University of Amar Telidji, Laghouat 03000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.04.063","article-title":"Reduced real lifetime of PV panels\u2014Economic consequences","volume":"259","author":"Libra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sol. 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