{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T05:36:06Z","timestamp":1791610566850,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education\u2019s \u201cChunhui Project\u201d cooperative research project","award":["HZKY20220242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HZKY20220242"]}]},{"name":"Key Lab of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province of China","award":["HZKY20220242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HZKY20220242"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the increasingly prominent defects of traditional fossil energy, large-scale renewable energy access to power grids has become a trend. In this study, a microgrid operation optimization method, including power-to-gas equipment and a hybrid energy storage system, is proposed. Firstly, this study constructs a microgrid system structure including P2G equipment and a hybrid energy storage system of electricity and hydrogen. Secondly, aiming at minimizing the system operation cost and carbon emission penalty cost, a low-carbon economic operation optimization model of the proposed microgrid is established. Then, this study proposes a microgrid optimization method based on an improved gazelle optimization algorithm to symmetrically improve economic and environmental performance. Finally, the practicability and superiority of the above model and optimization method are verified using a real microgrid case. The results show that considering the participation of P2G equipment and a hybrid energy storage system in the optimal operation, the carbon emission of the microgrid is reduced to 33.56% of the microgrid considering only a single electric energy storage system, and the comprehensive operation cost is reduced by 6.54%. This study is conducive to promoting the development of clean energy and symmetrically enhancing the economic and environmental performance of the microgrid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16010083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T07:59:20Z","timestamp":1704700760000},"page":"83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Microgrid Operation Optimization Method Considering Power-to-Gas Equipment: An Improved Gazelle Optimization Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dingshan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137927","article-title":"The nexus between global carbon and renewable energy sources: A step towards sustainability","volume":"416","author":"Dogan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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