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Unfortunately, personal healthcare data sharing is plagued by challenges like ambiguous data ownership and privacy leakage. Blockchain, which stores the hash of shared data on-chain and ciphertext off-chain, is treated as a promising approach to address the above issues. However, this approach lacks a flexible and reliable mechanism for incremental updates of the same case data. To avoid the overhead of authentication, access control, and rewards caused by on-chain data changes, we propose a blockchain and trusted execution environment (TEE)-based privacy-preserving sharing scheme for healthcare data that supports incremental updates. Based on chameleon hash and TEE, the scheme achieves reliable incremental updates and verification without changing the on-chain data. In the scheme, for privacy concerns, off-chain data are protected through symmetric encryption, whereas data verification, decryption, and computation are performed within TEE. The experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16010089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T05:24:12Z","timestamp":1704950652000},"page":"89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A Blockchain-Based Privacy-Preserving Healthcare Data Sharing Scheme for Incremental Updates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5701-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianhai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer 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China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5017-3207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computing 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