{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:32:04Z","timestamp":1763458324941,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62073147","61573159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62073147","61573159"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Power converters can convert the electrical energy output by power source into specific forms required by target device. They are widely used in various fields such as electrification, transportation, and power systems, and are the core components of the systems. Power converters are composed of power semiconductor devices (such as IGBTs), which are prone to failure due to abnormal conditions and aging degradation, leading to power converter faults. Therefore, over the past twenty years, extensive fault diagnosis methods for power converters have been studied and proposed. Among them, symmetry-based methods have the characteristics of rapid diagnosis speed and strong robustness, but so far there\u2019s no systemic summary of such methods. Therefore, this paper reviews the relevant research on fault diagnosis of power converters based on symmetry in recent years, analyzes the mathematical principles of these methods, and compares their diagnostic performance. In addition, two factors that may have an influence on the symmetry are pointed out. This paper provides references and suggestions for the future development and research of power converter fault diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16020204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T09:00:02Z","timestamp":1707382802000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Review of Symmetry-Based Open-Circuit Fault Diagnostic Methods for Power Converters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-9635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligence Control, Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0818-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligence Control, Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Zhixi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligence Control, Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2009.2027535","article-title":"A Literature Review of IGBT Fault Diagnostic and Protection Methods for Power Inverters","volume":"45","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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