{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:13:07Z","timestamp":1770711187730,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52076215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52076215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cavitation bubbles near narrow gaps widely exist within microfluidic control devices. In the present paper, a laser-induced cavitation bubble is arranged in a narrow gap composed of two parallel plates. The inception position of the bubble is set to be at the same distance from the two plates so that the dynamic behaviors of the bubble are symmetrical. The collapse and rebound dynamics of the bubble near the boundary of a narrow gap are investigated through high-speed photography. The bubble behaviors (e.g., shape deformation, translational movement, and jet characteristics) are analyzed while considering the influence of the dimensionless distance between the bubble and the boundary and the dimensionless gap width. The principal findings include the following: (1) When the dimensionless distance is small, a violent jet towards the gap is generated during the bubble collapse stage, along with a weak counter-jet towards the boundary appearing during the rebound stage. (2) As the dimensionless distance increases, the translational distance of the bubble during the collapse stage initially decreases, then increases, and finally decreases to zero. (3) Within the parameter range considered in this paper, the dimensionless width mainly affects the expansion degree and movement direction of the bubble cloud during its rebound and subsequent stages. The above research findings can provide experimental support for bubble-driven flow control, pumping, and liquid mixing in microfluidic channels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16050541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T10:33:31Z","timestamp":1714559611000},"page":"541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Experimental Investigations on the Cavitation Bubble Dynamics near the Boundary of a Narrow Gap"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"State Power Investment Corporation, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zitong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System (Ministry of Education), School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and Separation, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-022321-114001","article-title":"Fundamental fluid dynamics challenges in inkjet printing","volume":"54","author":"Lohse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc41252k","article-title":"Single cell membrane poration by bubble-induced microjets in a microfluidic chip","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7039","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518679112","article-title":"Cell membrane deformation and bioeffects produced by tandem bubble-induced jetting flow","volume":"112","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc21084c","article-title":"Pulsed laser triggered high speed microfluidic fluorescence activated cell sorter","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4484","DOI":"10.1021\/ac070081i","article-title":"Laser-induced mixing in microfluidic channels","volume":"79","author":"Hellman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6439\/aa9207","article-title":"A review on optical actuators for microfluidic systems","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Micromech. Microeng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3610940","article-title":"Size-sensitive sorting of microparticles through control of flow geometry","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40424a","article-title":"Oscillating bubbles: A versatile tool for lab on a chip applications","volume":"12","author":"Hashmi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1039\/b903687c","article-title":"A millisecond micromixer via single-bubble-based acoustic streaming","volume":"9","author":"Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1039\/c0lc00520g","article-title":"Laser-induced thermal bubbles for microfluidic applications","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1039\/b806912c","article-title":"Laser-induced cavitation based micropump","volume":"8","author":"Dijkink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2011.212","article-title":"Cavitation bubble dynamics in a liquid gap of variable height","volume":"682","author":"Klaseboer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A23","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2019.938","article-title":"Jetting and shear stress enhancement from cavitation bubbles collapsing in a narrow gap","volume":"884","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A28","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2020.356","article-title":"Splitting and jetting of cavitation bubbles in thin gaps","volume":"896","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A43","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2022.571","article-title":"Dynamics of an inertially collapsing gas bubble between two parallel, rigid walls","volume":"946","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"013324","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0132098","article-title":"Dynamics of a cavitation bubble between oblique plates","volume":"35","author":"Sagar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00912733","article-title":"Propagation of perturbations in a liquid containing gas bubbles","volume":"9","author":"Kedrinskii","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Kedrinskii, V.K. (2005). Hydrodynamics of Explosion: Experiments and Models, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4730888","article-title":"Models of cylindrical bubble pulsation","volume":"132","author":"Ilinskii","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103302","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0167537","article-title":"Dynamics of an oscillating cavitation bubble within a narrow gap","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"047301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.80.047301","article-title":"Cavitation bubble dynamics in microfluidic gaps of variable height","volume":"80","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033323","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0145415","article-title":"A unified theory for bubble dynamics","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023302","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevFluids.7.023302","article-title":"Cavitation bubble dynamics in a shear-thickening fluid","volume":"7","author":"Bokman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112009008064","article-title":"Interaction between two laser-induced cavitation bubbles in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry","volume":"633","author":"Ohl","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.98.254501","article-title":"Controlled cavitation in microfluidic systems","volume":"98","author":"Zwaan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"073335","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0157069","article-title":"Research on the collapse dynamics of a restricted cavitation bubble near a right-angle wall based on Kelvin impulse theory","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023343","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0180164","article-title":"Dynamic behaviors of a bubble near a rectangular wall with a bulge","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2017.09.013","article-title":"Expansion and collapse of an initially off-centered bubble within a narrow gap and the effect of a free surface","volume":"99","author":"Quah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiph. Flow"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC01184H","article-title":"Droplet generation via a single bubble transformation in a nanofluidic channel","volume":"15","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"072111","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0159154","article-title":"Research on the dynamics of a restricted cavitation bubble near a symmetric Joukowsky hydrofoil","volume":"35","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023362","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0189153","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental investigation of a bubble collapsing near an asymmetric hydrofoil","volume":"36","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1007\/s42241-023-0074-3","article-title":"Laser-induced cavitation bubble near boundaries","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hydrodyn."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034505","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.034505","article-title":"Interaction and fragmentation of pulsed laser induced microbubbles in a narrow gap","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026304","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.77.026304","article-title":"Dynamics of impacting a bubble by another pulsed-laser-induced bubble: Jetting, fragmentation, and entanglement","volume":"77","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2024.106849","article-title":"Numerical simulation of cavitation-vortex interaction mechanism in an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor","volume":"105","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2023.106544","article-title":"Effect of the arrangement of cavitation generation unit on the performance of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor","volume":"99","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/5\/541\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:38:04Z","timestamp":1760107084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/5\/541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["sym16050541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym16050541","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}}}