{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:03:17Z","timestamp":1760144597598,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52375230","52375080","2022JZ26","2023JCQN0472","2024JCYBMS413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375230","52375080","2022JZ26","2023JCQN0472","2024JCYBMS413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi","award":["52375230","52375080","2022JZ26","2023JCQN0472","2024JCYBMS413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375230","52375080","2022JZ26","2023JCQN0472","2024JCYBMS413"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hot-gas drum heating (HDH) of bituminous mixtures is a new approach to heating bituminous mixtures that is influenced by the parameters of the hot gas and drum. A fluid thermal numerical model was developed to evaluate the effects of heating bituminous mixtures with HDH using a finite-volume method (FVM). The FVM was verified through the heating test of a bituminous mixture. The effects of the drum rotating speed and hot-gas speed on the efficiency of heating the bituminous mixture during HDH were analyzed using Fluent. The results indicated that the drum rotating speed directly influenced the formation of a bituminous-mixture curtain, which had a significant effect on the efficiency of heating the bituminous mixture. The efficiency of the heat exchange between the hot gas and the bituminous mixture was high, with full contact between the hot gas and the bituminous mixture. With an increase in the hot-gas speed, the heating time became shorter; however, the rate of hot-gas utilization was reduced. A symmetrical temperature distribution and a superior heating efficiency of the bituminous mixture were achieved when the drum rotating speed was 7 rpm and the hot-gas speed was 1.4 m\/s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16050559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T15:05:01Z","timestamp":1715007901000},"page":"559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Heating Bituminous Mixtures in a Hot-Gas Drum Based on a Finite Volume Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Highway Construction Technology and Equipment (Ministry of Education), Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Prulde Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3914-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Highway Construction Technology and Equipment (Ministry of Education), Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Highway Construction Technology and Equipment (Ministry of Education), Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Highway Construction Technology and Equipment (Ministry of Education), Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.277","article-title":"Effects of preheating conditions on performance and workability of hot in-place recycled asphalt mixtures","volume":"226","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr. 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