{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:42:08Z","timestamp":1779144128632,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Big Date Intelligent Computing Center (Northeastern University, China)"},{"name":"Institute of Optoelectronics Engineering and Technology (Northeastern University, China)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The quality of sintered ore, which serves as the primary raw material for blast furnace ironmaking, is directly influenced by the moisture in the sintering mixture. In order to improve the precision of water addition in the sintering process, this paper proposes an intelligent model for predicting water-filling volume based on Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT), whose symmetry enables it to effectively capture long-term dependencies in time series data. Utilizing historical sintering data to develop a prediction model for the amount of mixing and water addition, the results indicate that the TFT model can achieve the R squared of 0.9881, and the root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.5951. When compared to the transformer, long short-term memory (LSTM), and particle swarm optimization\u2013long short-term memory (PSO-LSTM), it is evident that the TFT model outperforms the other models, improving the RMSE by 8.5403, 6.9852, and 0.453, respectively. As an application, the TFT model provides an effective interval reference for moisture control in normal sintering processes, which ensures that the error is within 1 t.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16060636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T05:40:47Z","timestamp":1716270047000},"page":"636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Real-Time Control of Sintering Moisture Based on Temporal Fusion Transformers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xinping","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binghui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8710-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yushan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"Institute of Data Analysis and Intelligence Computing, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Development and application of intelligent sintering control system","volume":"45","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metall. 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