{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:28:10Z","timestamp":1785328090346,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["PNURSP2024R337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2024R337"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A timelike (TL) constant axis ruled surface in E13 (Minkowski 3-space), as determined by its ruling, forms a constant dual angle with its Disteli-axis (striction axis or curvature axis). In this article, we employ the symmetry through point geometry of Lorentzian dual curves and the line geometry of TL ruled surfaces. This produces the capability to expound a set of curvature functions that specify the local configurations of TL ruled surfaces. Then, we gain some new constant axis ruled surfaces in Lorentzian line space and their geometrical illustrations. Further, we also earn several organizations among a TL constant axis ruled surface and its striction curve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16060677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T10:06:01Z","timestamp":1717409161000},"page":"677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Timelike Constant Axis Ruled Surface Family in Minkowski 3-Space"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7041-3730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areej A.","family":"Almoneef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashad A.","family":"Abdel-Baky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Assiut, Assiut 71516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bottema, O., and Roth, B. 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