{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:43:57Z","timestamp":1784843037069,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008843","name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JX6311180823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JX6311180823"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>When studying an unfamiliar system, we first look for the symmetry that the system has so that we can make many predictions about the possible properties of the system. The symmetry in transport network security needs to maintain a stable state and maintain a constant state of transport network security. With the development of China\u2013Europe freight trains, the transport between Asia and Europe has gradually formed the Belt and Road (B&amp;R) land\u2013sea transport network. In order to analyze the cascading failure mechanism of the B&amp;R land\u2013sea transport network, a network cascading failure model is constructed. Then, the quantitative analysis of the connectivity indicators of the land\u2013sea transport network is conducted from the node attack strategy, and it is compared with the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) shipping network. Finally, the robustness of the land\u2013sea transport network under emergencies is analyzed. From the results of deliberate attacks, the attack threshold of the B&amp;R land\u2013sea transport network is the same as that of the MSR shipping network, and the maximum number of attacks is slightly less than that of the MSR shipping network. The Russia\u2013Ukraine conflict has a minimal impact on the robustness of cascading failure in the land\u2013sea transport network. The Red Sea crisis may have a significant impact on the robustness of cascading failure in the land\u2013sea transport network. The research results can provide suggestions for improving the robustness of the B&amp;R land\u2013sea transport network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16060736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T08:52:10Z","timestamp":1718355130000},"page":"736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Study on the Cascading Failure Robustness of the Belt and Road Land\u2013Sea Transport Network under Emergencies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3491-7901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaojun","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, December 06). 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