{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T17:36:19Z","timestamp":1768584979417,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training  Program Project","award":["202411819058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202411819058"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a high-gain broadband circularly polarized crossed dipole antenna is designed. This antenna utilizes two pairs of cross dipoles and a pair of phase delay lines to form circularly polarized radiation. Open-circuit stubs are symmetrically loaded on the four arms of these dipole pairs to introduce new circularly polarized resonating frequencies. Additionally, a symmetrically positioned rectangular ring patch is introduced directly beneath the cross dipoles to generate the third circularly polarized resonating frequency, thereby enhancing the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna symmetrically. Furthermore, metal posts are symmetrically loaded at the four right angles of the rectangular ring patch to augment the antenna gain, maintaining the overall symmetrical balance crucial for optimal circularly polarized radiation performance. This symmetric design ensures that the antenna achieves a 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of 29.2% (1.9\u20132.55 GHz) and sustains a gain of 7.5 dB within the passband, showcasing excellent circularly polarized radiation attributes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16081016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T07:59:07Z","timestamp":1723190347000},"page":"1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Aesthetics and Pragmatics of Symmetry in High-Gain and Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chunping","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligence, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligence, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-3273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianjing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Intelligence, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2009.2015855","article-title":"Microstrip-Fed Circularly Polarized Square-Ring Patch Antenna for GPS Applications","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2015.2466596","article-title":"A Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Planar Monopole Antenna for WLAN\/Wi-Fi Applications","volume":"15","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2456954","article-title":"Design Method for Wideband Circularly Polarized Slot Antennas","volume":"10","author":"Narbudowicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2797520","article-title":"Linearly Polarized and Circularly Polarized Wideband Dipole Antennas With Reconfigurable Beam Direction","volume":"4","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2013.2296324","article-title":"A Wideband Circularly Polarized Cross-Dipole Antenna","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.31979","article-title":"Ultra-wideband circularly polarized crossed-dual-arm bowtie dipole antenna backed by an artificial magnetic conductor","volume":"12","author":"Elsaid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, W., He, Y., Zhang, L., and Wong, S.W. (2019, January 4\u20136). An Improved Broadband Circularly Polarized Cross-Dipole Antenna with an AMC Reflector. 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Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-023-10435-y","article-title":"A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide and Truncated-Corner Patch Loaded Slot","volume":"131","author":"Agrawal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1049\/mia2.12400","article-title":"Wideband circularly polarised antenna with dual-fed strategy simplification based on common mode and differential mode","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"IET Microw. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13102","DOI":"10.1049\/ell2.13102","article-title":"An all-metal wideband circularly polarized single-patch antenna based on TM11 mode","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electron. 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Antennas Propag."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/8\/1016\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:32:38Z","timestamp":1760110358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/8\/1016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["sym16081016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym16081016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]}}}