{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:21:11Z","timestamp":1760145671514,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12064023","24JRRA532","20JR5RA209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12064023","24JRRA532","20JR5RA209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province","award":["12064023","24JRRA532","20JR5RA209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12064023","24JRRA532","20JR5RA209"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Construction Project of Lanzhou City University","award":["12064023","24JRRA532","20JR5RA209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12064023","24JRRA532","20JR5RA209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mapping relation between the emission angle of the photoelectron and its ionization time (i.e., the angle\u2013time mapping) is important for the attoclock measurement. For a long time, the angle\u2013time mapping was assumed to be angularly uniform. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the angle\u2013time mapping is discontinuous for the low-energy electron at the angle for the minimum yield. However, the previous results were interpreted based on the assumption of s-electron initial states for noble-gas atoms, and the effect of the initial orbital symmetry on the angle\u2013time mapping has been rarely investigated. In this work, we investigate the influence of the initial orbital symmetry on time\u2013energy distribution using F\u2212 ions as a specific example. We demonstrate that the initial orbital symmetry significantly impacts the time\u2013energy distribution. This behavior can be well explained by the saddle-point method. More interestingly, it is found that the angle\u2013time mapping is strongly dependent on the initial orbital symmetry in the elliptically polarized laser field, especially for the low-energy electrons. Our work holds great significance for further developing the attoclock scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16081019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T09:48:54Z","timestamp":1723196934000},"page":"1019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Orbital Symmetry on Time\u2013Energy Distributions of F\u2212 Ions in the Attoclock Scheme"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jian-Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song-Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.163","article-title":"Attosecond physics","volume":"81","author":"Krausz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. 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