{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T16:18:05Z","timestamp":1773764285672,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High-damping rubber bearings play an essential role in isolated bridges. They can prolong the natural vibration period of a bridge and reduce its seismic response. In order to quantitatively study the isolation performance of high-damping rubber bearings, this paper investigates a concrete-filled steel tube-tied arch bridge as the research object and uses symmetrically arranged high-damping rubber bearings for isolation reconstruction. Nonlinear finite element analysis models for isolated and non-isolated bridges are built based on the structural properties of the actual bridge. Based on the structural deformation failure criterion, a bridge damage evaluation index system is established, the damage index of each component is defined, and a quantitative analysis of different damage states is carried out. Based on the incremental dynamic analysis method, the seismic vulnerability curves of bridge components and systems are established. By comparing the seismic vulnerability curves of the bridge before and after isolation, the isolation effect of the high-damping rubber bearings is quantitatively evaluated. The results of the analysis show that the high-damping rubber bearings have a significant isolation effect on the bridge structure and the effect is symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal symmetry plane of the bridge. After adopting the isolation measures, the exceedance probability of damage of each component of the bridge is reduced to varying degrees. Among them, the isolation effect on piers and arch ribs is the most significant, up to more than 90%. At the same time, the exceedance probability of damage of the bearing itself is less reduced. This result is also consistent with the original intention of the design of the isolation bearing; that is, through the energy dissipation of the isolation bearing, the seismic response of other components of the bridge is reduced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16081056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T04:29:57Z","timestamp":1723782597000},"page":"1056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Tied Arch Bridges Using Symmetrically Arranged High-Damping Rubber Bearings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qingxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5439-2626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"}]},{"given":"Jiangshuai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hu, S. (2018). Study on Seismic Vulnerability and Seismic Strengthening Strategy of Bridges Considering Chloride Ion Erosion. [Ph.D. Thesis, Hunan University]."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0296(03)00060-9","article-title":"Derivation of vulnerability functions for European-type RC structures based on observational data","volume":"25","author":"Rossetto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:12(1224)","article-title":"Statistical analysis of vulnerability curves","volume":"126","author":"Shinozuka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Eng. Mech."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Padgett, J.E. (2007). Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Retrofitted Bridges Using Probabilistic Methods. [Ph.D. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2003.09.006","article-title":"Seismic vulnerability of typical bridges in moderate seismic zones","volume":"26","author":"Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/eqe.655","article-title":"Seismic vulnerability methodology for highway bridges using a component level approach","volume":"36","author":"Nielson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1084-0702(2007)12:6(689)","article-title":"Seismic vulnerability of Continuous Steel Highway Bridges in New York State","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bridge Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9845(200008)29:8<1131::AID-EQE959>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Bayesian probabilistic damage detection of a reinforced-concrete bridge column","volume":"29","author":"Sohn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Bensi, M.T. (2010). A Bayesian Network Methodology for Infrastructure Seismic Risk Assessment and Decision Support. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of California]."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/eqe.2613","article-title":"Seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete girder bridges using Bayesian belief network","volume":"45","author":"Franchin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnonlinmec.2022.104231","article-title":"Mechanics of nonlinear visco-hyperelastic-hysteresis membranes","volume":"147","author":"Firouzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Non-Linear Mech."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2020.04.001","article-title":"he seismic vulnerability assessment methodologies: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"11","author":"Kassem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4186\/ej.2022.26.1.39","article-title":"Damage index seismic assessment methodologies of URM buildings: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"26","author":"Kassem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1080\/13632469.2023.2256894","article-title":"The Influence of Slope Angle Variation on Structures Resting on Hilly Region Considering Soil\u2013Structure Interaction Under Earthquake Loadings Using Capacity Curves and Probabilistic Approach","volume":"28","author":"Kassem","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.118265","article-title":"Design method and seismic vulnerability of bridges using UHPC-NSC composite pier","volume":"312","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"En-Gineering Struct."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.118615","article-title":"Gaussian process regression driven rapid life-cycle based seismic fragility and risk assessment of laminated rubber bearings supported highway bridges subjected to multiple uncertainty sources","volume":"316","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-024-01938-5","article-title":"Probabilistic seismic hazard model and vulnerability analysis for typical regional structures","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bull. Earthq. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2024.111332","article-title":"Seismic fragility analysis of structures via an Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model and its application to resilience assessment","volume":"212","author":"Lan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.118595","article-title":"Seismic vulnerability assessment of RC deck-stiffened arch bridges","volume":"317","author":"Crisci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:4(526)","article-title":"Probabilistic Basis for 2000 SAC Federal Emergency Management Agency Steel Moment Frame Guidelines","volume":"128","author":"Cornell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"208","article-title":"Experimental study on mechanical properties of high damping rubber bearing of bridge","volume":"26","author":"Zhuang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Zhao, J. (2013). Probabilistic Seismic Evaluation and Seismic Control of Long-Span Arch Bridges. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Huazhong University of Science and Technology]."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Dong, J. (2016). Study on Near-Field Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of High-Pier and Long-Span Rigid Frame-Continuous Composite Bridge. [Ph.D. Thesis, Southwest Jiaotong University]."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Zhang, J. (2006). Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Regular Beam Bridge Piers Based on Numerical Simulation. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Tongji University]."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Li, X. (2017). Study on the Influence of Structural Parameters on Seismic Vulnerability of High-Speed Railway Continuous Girder Bridges. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Southwest Jiaotong University]."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"17","article-title":"Transverse seismic performance evaluation of cable-stayed bridges based on vulnerability curves","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Chongqing Jiaotong Univ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2009.02.017","article-title":"Evaluating effectiveness and optimum design of isolation devices for highway bridges using the vulnerability function method","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000435","article-title":"vulnerability Analysis of Skewed Single-Frame Concrete Box-Girder Bridges","volume":"28","author":"Zakeri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Perform. Constr. Facil."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Lv, X. (2020). Study on Seismic Vulnerability of Double-Deck Special-Shaped Continuous Girder Bridge. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Southeast University]."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Nielson, B.G. (2005). Analytical vulnerability Curves for Highway Bridges in Moderate Seismic Zones. [Ph.D. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology]."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/8\/1056\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:37:25Z","timestamp":1760110645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/8\/1056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["sym16081056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym16081056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]}}}