{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:56:14Z","timestamp":1777510574474,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52207212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52207212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2166202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2166202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QE158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QE158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52207212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52207212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2166202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2166202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QE158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QE158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study proposes an optimized economic scheduling strategy for multi-energy-integrated highway service centers (MEIHSCs) within a 24 h operational timeframe. With the imperative of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, highway areas are increasingly incorporating renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaic arrays, to capitalize on abundant resources along highways. Considering the diverse load demands of new energy vehicles and the mismatch between energy supply and demand on the highway, MEIHSCs must adapt to these trends by establishing integrated networks for electricity, natural gas, and hydrogen refueling. However, there is a lack of coordination between equipment switching and the phases of low electricity prices and peak renewable energy periods. To address this challenge and improve economic efficiency, this study proposes an economic dispatch strategy that combines economic incentives based on carbon trading and critical peak pricing mechanisms. This strategy aims to maximize economic benefits while fully meeting the load demands of new energy vehicles. Case studies indicate that operating costs are reduced by 28.04% compared to strategies without new energy installations, and by 47.85% compared to strategies without optimization. The results demonstrate that this integrated and optimized strategy significantly reduces energy costs and enhances economic benefits in highway service centers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16091110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T07:53:37Z","timestamp":1724658817000},"page":"1110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Economic Scheduling Strategy for Multi-Energy-Integrated Highway Service Centers Considering Carbon Trading and Critical Peak Pricing Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7255-9044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kejun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinan Power Supply Company, State Grid Shandong Electric Power Corporation, Jinan 250001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rail Transportation, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zichen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Road Transportation and Energy Integration Strategy in China","volume":"24","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Strateg. Study Chin. Acad. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2018.10.016","article-title":"Personal Carbon Trading: Trade-off and Complementarity Between In-home and Transport Related Emissions Reduction","volume":"156","author":"Wadud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"38","article-title":"Overseas ports construction under the framework of \u201cGuidelines for the national integrated multidimensional transport network\u201d","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Marit. Saf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121924","article-title":"Assessing the efforts of coal phaseout for carbon neutrality in China","volume":"352","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2023.113817","article-title":"Achieving China\u2019s carbon neutrality goal by economic growth rate adjustment and low-carbon energy structure","volume":"183","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.131073","article-title":"Optimal green investment strategy for grid-connected microgrid considering the impact of renewable energy source endowment and incentive policy","volume":"295","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.11.129","article-title":"Progress of Chinese electric vehicles industrialization in 2015: A review","volume":"188","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.131322","article-title":"Does the new energy vehicles subsidy policy decrease the carbon emissions of the urban transport industry? Evidence from Chinese cities in Yangtze River Delta","volume":"298","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.118582","article-title":"Do environmental quality and policy changes affect the evolution of consumers\u2019 intentions to buy new energy vehicles","volume":"310","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2390640","article-title":"Optimal Expansion Planning of Energy Hub with Multiple Energy Infrastructures","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2024.110311","article-title":"Enhancing the utilization of renewable generation on the highway with mobile energy storage vehicles and electric vehicles","volume":"231","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3141\/2270-04","article-title":"Alternative Uses of Highway Rights of Way: Accommodating Renewable Energy Technologies","volume":"2270","author":"Poe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Yang, S., Li, D., and Zhang, S. (2023). Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm for Solving Microgrid Operations Planning Problems. Symmetry, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15010036"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, L., Fu, H., Shao, M., and Yu, Z. (2024). Highway Microgrid Project Evaluation under Energy Transportation Integration. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app14072707"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.09.028","article-title":"Allocation optimization of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) considering with charging satisfaction and distributed renewables integration","volume":"164","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.120978","article-title":"Integrating supply and demand-side management in renewable-based energy systems","volume":"232","author":"Dranka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kagiri, C., Zhang, L., and Xia, X. (2017, January 17\u201320). Compressor and priority panel optimization for an energy efficient CNG fuelling station. Proceedings of the 2017 11th Asian Control Conference (ASCC), Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASCC.2017.8287516"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, D., Wu, L., Wen, T., and Li, L. (2024). Microgrid Operation Optimization Method Considering Power-to-Gas Equipment: An Improved Gazelle Optimization Algorithm. Symmetry, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16010083"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.3039493","article-title":"Two-Stage Planning of Network-Constrained Hybrid Energy Supply Stations for Electric and Natural Gas Vehicles","volume":"12","author":"Gan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2017.2781639","article-title":"Multi-objective Optimization Model of Source\u2013load\u2013storage Synergetic Dispatch for a Building Energy Management System Based on TOU price Demand Response","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33069","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3158677","article-title":"Energy Economy of Households with Photovoltaic System and Battery Storage Under Time of Use Tariff with Demand Charge","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2021.3090463","article-title":"Coordinating Flexible Demand Response and Renewable Uncertainties for Scheduling of Community Integrated Energy Systems with an Electric Vehicle Charging Station: A Bi-level Approach","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.130967","article-title":"Energy optimal scheduling strategy considering V2G characteristics of electric vehicle","volume":"294","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Yang, S., Liu, S., Zhang, S., and Zhong, Z. (2024). Optimal Economic Research of Microgrids Based on Multi-Strategy Integrated Sparrow Search Algorithm under Carbon Emission Constraints. Symmetry, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16040388"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, B., Wang, R., Wang, M., Wang, M., Zhao, Q., Lv, Y., and Gao, H. (2024). Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems in Industrial Parks Considering Comprehensive Demand Response and Multi-Hydrogen Supply. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app14062381"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.117634","article-title":"A fully decentralized dual consensus method for carbon trading power dispatch with wind power","volume":"203","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Wang, S., Yu, Y., Guo, Y., Jin, L., Jia, X., Liu, K., and Zhang, X. (2024). Low-Carbon Operation Strategy of Park-Level Integrated Energy System with Firefly Algorithm. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app14135433"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Low carbon power system scheduling considering CCER revenue sharing incentive thermal power unit deep peak load","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Power Autom. Equip."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"29","article-title":"Inspiration of carbon emission quota allocation in power generation industry to coal chemical industry in China","volume":"50","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Coal Chem. Ind."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"16","article-title":"Study on carbon trading quota allocation of road freight industry in Zhejiang Province","volume":"49","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Manag."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"149","article-title":"Evaluation on efficiency and fairness of initial allocation of carbon quota in port industry","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dalian Marit. Univ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2021.05.024","article-title":"Environmental and economic performance of China\u2019s ETS pilots: New evidence from an expanded synthetic control method","volume":"7","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2013.10.009","article-title":"Scope-based carbon footprint analysis of U.S. residential and commercial buildings: An input\u2013output hybrid life cycle assessment approach","volume":"72","author":"Onat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"59","article-title":"Quantitative analysis and model simulation of influencing factors of building energy consumption in highspeed service area","volume":"47","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Energy Effic."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"355","article-title":"Carbon emission characteristics and emission reduction strategies of typical service areas in Shandong Province","volume":"68","author":"Xin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Highway"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"142","article-title":"Interaction mechanism and coordination mechanism of electricity market, carbon market and green certificate market","volume":"47","author":"Shang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Power Grid Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"41","article-title":"Framework of Integrated Charging Station for Renewable Energy Vehicle and Energy Optimal Dispatching Method","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autom. Electr. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2424314","article-title":"Optimal Bidding Strategy of Battery Storage in Power Markets Considering Performance-Based Regulation and Battery Cycle Life","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.04.017","article-title":"Optimized response to electricity time-of-use tariff of a compressed natural gas fueling station","volume":"222","author":"Kagiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"88","article-title":"Electric-hydrogen-gas integrated energy system considering E2H conversion process and comprehensive demand response coordination and optimization of operation","volume":"39","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/9\/1110\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:42:51Z","timestamp":1760110971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/9\/1110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["sym16091110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym16091110","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]}}}