{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T10:26:47Z","timestamp":1768818407146,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC2200604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC2200600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inertial sensors act as inertial references in space gravitational wave detection missions, necessitating that their internal test mass (TM) maintains minimal residual acceleration noise. High-energy particles and cosmic rays in space, along with ion pumps in ground-based torsion pendulum experiments, can cause charge accumulation on the TM surface, leading to increased residual acceleration noise. Consequently, a charge management system was introduced to control the TM\u2019s charge. The complex light path propagation within the electrode housing (EH) makes the TM\u2019s charging and discharging process difficult to theoretically calculate and fully simulate. To address this issue, we propose a simulation method for charging and discharging inertial sensors within ultraviolet (UV) charge management systems. This method innovatively considers the impact of photoelectron emission angle and the TM\u2019s position offset from symmetry on performance. The method also simulates charging and discharging rates over time under conditions of symmetry and preliminarily examines factors affecting the TM\u2019s equilibrium potential. Simulation results indicate that this method effectively models the charge management system\u2019s operation, providing a valuable reference for system design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16091209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T04:14:07Z","timestamp":1726460047000},"page":"1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Charging and Discharging Modeling of Inertial Sensors Based on Ultraviolet Charge Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9479-0555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5933-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"042004","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.110.042004","article-title":"In-depth analysis of LISA Pathfinder performance results: Time evolution, noise projection, physical models, and implications for LISA","volume":"110","author":"Armano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. 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