{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T20:07:33Z","timestamp":1760731653400,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA10010800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA10010800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The experimental environment of the JUNO is a spherical container filled with a liquid scintillator (alkylbenzene) with a diameter of about 35 m. To observe neutrino interactions in alkylbenzene with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and to precisely measure the neutrino properties in this environment, it is necessary to design a high-precision localization system for the PMT device. In this paper, we report the design of an ultrasonic localization system with a symmetrical receiving array, based on the construction of an experimental setup that reproduces the configuration of JUNO\u2019s environment. We show through positioning consistency and accuracy measurements that the ultrasonic localization system has a high localization accuracy and can perform effective localization in an alkylbenzene solution with 98% purity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16091218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:51:43Z","timestamp":1726620703000},"page":"1218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experiments of Ultrasonic Positioning System with Symmetrical Array Used in Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0487-8406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guolei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1592-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duo","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8646-7845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"030401","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-3899\/43\/3\/030401","article-title":"Neutrino physics with JUNO","volume":"43","author":"An","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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