{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:28:06Z","timestamp":1760146086997,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Project of National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62205168","yjs2024063","2024J01887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205168","yjs2024063","2024J01887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scientific Research Program of Putian University","award":["62205168","yjs2024063","2024J01887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205168","yjs2024063","2024J01887"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","award":["62205168","yjs2024063","2024J01887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62205168","yjs2024063","2024J01887"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently developed sixth-order wave aberration expressions of soft X-rays and a vacuum ultraviolet optical system are first extended to plane-symmetric refractive optical systems, and then, applying the transformation relations between plane-symmetric and paraxial refractive optical system, the sixth-order intrinsic and extrinsic wave aberration coefficient expressions of a paraxial refractive optical system are derived. In addition, the corresponding fifth-order aberration expressions are also obtained. Finally, the resultant aberration expressions are applied to calculate the aberration on the image plane of one design example of a paraxial refractive optical system with a large aperture, and these calculation results are compared with ones obtained by ray-tracing software Zemax to prove that they have satisfactory calculation accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16091249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T09:15:07Z","timestamp":1727082907000},"page":"1249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Imaging Analysis Method for a Paraxial Refractive Optical System with a Large Aperture Based on the Wave Aberration Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical, Electronic & Information Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, China"},{"name":"Fujian Laser Precision Machining Engineering Technology Research Center, Putian 351100, China"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fine Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fine Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atech.2023.100381","article-title":"Automated lag-phase detection in wine grapes using a mobile vision system","volume":"7","author":"Upadhyaya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Smart Agric. 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Synchrotron Radiat."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/9\/1249\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:02:54Z","timestamp":1760112174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/9\/1249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["sym16091249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym16091249","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]}}}