{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T19:38:25Z","timestamp":1772739505308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["12175165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12175165"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The hot deconfined matter called quark\u2013gluon plasma (QGP) can be generated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions (HICs). Its properties under high temperatures have been widely studied. Since the short-lived QGP is not directly observable, data-driven methods, including deep learning, are often used to infer the initial-state properties from the final distributions of hadrons. This paper reviews various applications of machine learning in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, explains the fundamental concepts of deep learning, and discusses how the properties of HIC data can be interpreted using efficient machine learning models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16111426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T04:15:02Z","timestamp":1730088902000},"page":"1426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Review of Deep Learning in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9798-5605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiqi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9802-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiamin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054503","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.85.054503","article-title":"Chiral and deconfinement aspects of the QCD transition","volume":"85","author":"Bazavov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. 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