{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:50:58Z","timestamp":1781844658022,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62162020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62162020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Haikou Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["62162020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62162020"]}]},{"name":"Haikou Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["2024-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mobile edge computing (MEC), is a technology that extends the power of cloud computing to the edge of the end device, with the primary goal of providing faster response times and an optimized quality of service. Given that edge devices are often used by smaller organizations with less computing power, data on the edge are more susceptible to data corruption, which is closely related to uneven resource allocation and uneven security protection. It is therefore particularly important to check the integrity of the MEC to ensure that it is intact, which in turn serves the symmetry of data security protection and facilitates the realization and optimization of symmetry in resource allocation. An integrity verification protocol MEC-P is proposed. MEC-P allows a third-party auditor (TPA) to check data integrity on the edge without violating users\u2019 data privacy and query pattern privacy. We rigorously demonstrate the security and privacy guarantees of the protocol. In addition, this protocol carefully considers the scenarios of single edge node and multiple edge nodes, as well as the complexity of dynamic modifications. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym16121648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T10:34:12Z","timestamp":1734086052000},"page":"1648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Data Integrity Verification for Edge Computing Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1010-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Internet Information Retrieval of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Internet Information Retrieval of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1145\/2831347.2831354","article-title":"Edge-centric computing: Vision and challenges","volume":"45","author":"Montresor","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM Sigcomm Comput. Commun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2579198","article-title":"Edge computing: Vision and challenges","volume":"3","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Qu, Y., Xiang, Y., Uddin, M.P., Peng, D., and Gao, L. (2022). A comprehensive survey on edge data integrity verification: Fundamentals and future trends. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27591","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3152787","article-title":"A survey on mobile edge computing infrastructure: Design, resource management, and optimization approaches","volume":"10","author":"Haibeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29345","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3367110","article-title":"Explainable Predictive Maintenance of Rotating Machines Using LIME, SHAP, PDP, ICE","volume":"12","author":"Gawde","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bxae001","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxae001","article-title":"A General Blockchain-Based Automatic Audit Scheme For Proofs Of Retrievability","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.3043755","article-title":"Auditing cache data integrity in the edge computing environment","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2022.102906","article-title":"Lightweight integrity auditing of edge data for distributed edge computing scenarios","volume":"133","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ad. Hoc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espitau, T., Katsumata, S., and Takemure, K. (2024). Two-Round Threshold Signature from Algebraic One-More Learning with Errors. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-68394-7_13"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2022.102560","article-title":"Edge data integrity verification scheme supporting data dynamics and batch auditing","volume":"128","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Syst. Archit."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"5463","article-title":"Privacy-preserving data integrity verification for secure mobile edge storage","volume":"22","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10851","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08558-1","article-title":"Efficient data integrity auditing with corrupted data recovery for edge computing in enterprise multimedia security","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Zhang, J., Lin, Y., and Huang, H. (2021, January 10\u201313). ZSS signature based data integrity verification for mobile edge computing. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE\/ACM 21st International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid), Melbourne, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid51090.2021.00045"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkhonaini, M.A., Alenizi, F.A., Jazyah, Y.H., and Lee, S. (2024). A two-phase spatiotemporal chaos-based protocol for data integrity in IoT. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58914-x"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2023.3337075","article-title":"OR-EDI: A Per-Edge One-Round Data Integrity Verification Scheme for Mobile Edge Computing","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3383239","article-title":"HSA-EDI: An Efficient One-Round Integrity Verification for Mobile Edge Caching Using Hierarchical Signature Aggregation","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2021.3090173","article-title":"Efficient verification of edge data integrity in edge computing environment","volume":"15","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCAS.2020.3009520","article-title":"Binary classifiers for data integrity detection in wearable IoT edge devices","volume":"1","author":"John","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4648","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3111747","article-title":"Cooperative assurance of cache data integrity for mobile edge computing","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csa.2022.100004","article-title":"Secure distributed data integrity auditing with high efficiency in 5G-enabled software-defined edge computing","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cyber Secur. Appl."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/12\/1648\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:54:43Z","timestamp":1760115283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/16\/12\/1648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["sym16121648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym16121648","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]}}}