{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:36:44Z","timestamp":1772779004861,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52305203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305203"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62303094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62303094"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31360082363167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31360082363167"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2024HWYQ-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HWYQ-003"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["tsqn202306087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202306087"]}]},{"name":"\u201cQilu Young Scholar\u201d program of Shandong University","award":["52305203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305203"]}]},{"name":"\u201cQilu Young Scholar\u201d program of Shandong University","award":["62303094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62303094"]}]},{"name":"\u201cQilu Young Scholar\u201d program of Shandong University","award":["31360082363167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31360082363167"]}]},{"name":"\u201cQilu Young Scholar\u201d program of Shandong University","award":["2024HWYQ-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HWYQ-003"]}]},{"name":"\u201cQilu Young Scholar\u201d program of Shandong University","award":["tsqn202306087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202306087"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas)","award":["52305203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305203"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas)","award":["62303094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62303094"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas)","award":["31360082363167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31360082363167"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas)","award":["2024HWYQ-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HWYQ-003"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas)","award":["tsqn202306087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202306087"]}]},{"name":"Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shan-dong Province","award":["52305203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52305203"]}]},{"name":"Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shan-dong Province","award":["62303094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62303094"]}]},{"name":"Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shan-dong Province","award":["31360082363167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31360082363167"]}]},{"name":"Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shan-dong Province","award":["2024HWYQ-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024HWYQ-003"]}]},{"name":"Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shan-dong Province","award":["tsqn202306087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202306087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medical air-compression nebulizers deliver atomized medication to the lungs, providing rapid and painless treatment for respiratory diseases. However, the size of most atomized droplets is around 10 \u03bcm, limiting drug deposition in the lower airways and alveoli, with increasing the proportion of sub-5 \u03bcm droplets remaining challenging. In this work, finite element analysis was employed to model the effects of gas flow rate, liquid channel width, and broken baffle structure on droplet size distribution, aiming to optimize structure symmetrical parameters and operating conditions. A novel compression atomizer was developed and experimentally evaluated, incorporating an improved symmetrical structure for the crushing baffle. Following this modification, the proportion of sub-5 \u03bcm droplets increased from 54.6% to 59.25%, representing a 4.65% enhancement in the generation of sub-5 \u03bcm droplets. The effects of gas flow rate and liquid concentration on droplet size distribution were systematically investigated to further optimize the atomization performance. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the proportion of sub-5 \u03bcm droplets, thereby enhancing drug delivery efficiency to the lower respiratory tract and improving treatment efficacy for respiratory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T10:58:32Z","timestamp":1735037912000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Enhancing the Proportion of Sub-5 \u03bcm Atomized Droplet Size in Medical Air-Compression Nebulizer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Zhongyou","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7925-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1836-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunqing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment and Technology for Metal Forming, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250061, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.06.004","article-title":"Asthma-COPD Coexistence","volume":"154","author":"Barnes","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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