{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:59:11Z","timestamp":1768589951835,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFC2200602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200602"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFC2200604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200604"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFC2200600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC2200600"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A ranging communication system is a key technology for achieving precise ranging and scientific data exchange in space gravitational wave detection, with the aim of realizing the symmetry of interferometer arms. This system is integrated into the phase measurement payload, the \u2019phasemeter\u2019. Achieving high-ranging accuracy and low-bit error rate communication while mitigating the impact of phase noise has become a focus of current research. This paper starts with the coding methods for ranging communication and analyzes phase modulation noise based on Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). The study found that the main lobe phase noise caused by BPSK modulation is approximately 158 \u03bcrad\/Hz, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the phase-tracking criteria for gravitational wave detection. To address this, this paper proposes a Bit-Balanced Code (BBC) sequence design and optimization method aimed at eliminating main lobe noise. The experimental results show that the optimized BBC sequence improves the metrics of even autocorrelation, odd autocorrelation, maximum spectral amplitude, and even cross-correlation by 7.17, 2.83, 1.22, and 7.16, respectively, compared to the original sequence. Furthermore, experiments have demonstrated that the BBC sequence is insensitive to random data and can achieve dynamic bit balancing to eliminate the DC component. The proposed BBC sequence design method can serve as a reference for technologies related to space gravitational wave detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17010040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T13:26:25Z","timestamp":1735651585000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design of Ranging Communication Coding and Noise Suppression Methods in Space Gravitational Wave Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5933-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7528-180X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"027","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2012\/06\/027","article-title":"Cosmological backgrounds of gravitational waves and eLISA\/NGO: Phase transitions, cosmic strings and other sources","volume":"2012","author":"Binetruy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A247","DOI":"10.1088\/0264-9381\/13\/11A\/033","article-title":"LISA: Laser interferometer space antenna for gravitational wave measurements","volume":"13","author":"Danzmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Class. Quantum Gravity"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"415","article-title":"Gravitational wave detection by space laser interferometry","volume":"43","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Mech."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado, J.J.E., Marin, A.F.G., Bykov, I., Heinzel, G., and Danzmann, K. (2009, January 19). Free-Space Laser Ranging and Data Communication. Proceedings of the 2009 6th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication, Hannover, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/WPNC.2009.4907838"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12942\/lrr-2013-7","article-title":"Testing general relativity with low-frequency, space-based gravitational-wave detectors","volume":"16","author":"Gair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Living Rev. Relativ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.3788\/co.20150806.0980","article-title":"Space-based gravitational wave detection mission: Design highlights of LISA system","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Opt."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12942\/lrr-2014-6","article-title":"Time-delay interferometry","volume":"17","author":"Tinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Living Rev. Relativ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1976.10411","article-title":"Pseudo-random sequences and arrays","volume":"64","author":"MacWilliams","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Schwarze, T.S. (2018). Phase Extraction for Laser Interferometry in Space: Phase Readout Schemes and Optical Testing, TIB."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Sweeney, D. (2012). Laser Communications for LISA and the University of Florida LISA Interferometry Simulator, University of Florida."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Yamamoto, K. (2023). Intersatellite Clock Synchronization and Absolute Ranging for Gravitational Wave Detection in Space, TIB."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15937","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.015937","article-title":"Experimental demonstration of weak-light laser ranging and data communication for LISA","volume":"19","author":"Esteban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"2306002","article-title":"Parameter Design and Experimental Verification of Taiji Program Inter-Satellite Laser Communication","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Lasers"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.37188\/CO.2022-0041","article-title":"Ground electronics verification of inter-satellites laser ranging in the Taiji program","volume":"16","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Opt."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Han, S. (2022). Design and Implementation of Phasemeter Test System for Space Gravitational Wave Detection, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Helleseth, T., and Li, C. (2024). An updated review on cross-correlation of m-sequences. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Xin, Y.Z. (2011, January 27\u201329). Analysis of M-Sequence and Gold-Sequence in CDMA System. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, Xi\u2019an, China."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rushanan, J.J. (2006, January 9\u201314). Weil Sequences: A Family of Binary Sequences with Good Correlation Properties. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Seattle, WA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2006.261556"}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/1\/40\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:55:26Z","timestamp":1760115326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/1\/40"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["sym17010040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym17010040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]}}}