{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:35:16Z","timestamp":1759970116476,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been recently argued that numerous enigmatic observations remain challenging to explain within the framework of conventional physics. These anomalies include unexpected correlations between temperature variations in the stratosphere, the total electron content of the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, and earthquake activity on one hand and the positions of planets on the other. Decades of collected data provide statistically significant evidence for these observed correlations. These works suggest that these correlations arise from strongly interacting \u201cstreaming invisible matter\u201d which gets gravitationally focused by the solar system bodies including the Earth\u2019s inner mass distribution. Here, we propose that some of these, as well as other anomalies, may be explained by rare yet energetic events involving the so-called axion quark nuggets (AQNs) impacting the Earth. In other words, we identify the \u201cstreaming invisible matter\u201d conjectured in that works with AQNs, offering a concrete microscopic mechanism to elucidate the observed correlations. It is important to note that the AQN model was originally developed to address the observed similarity between the dark matter and visible matter densities in the Universe, i.e., \u03a9DM\u223c\u03a9visible, and not to explain the anomalies discussed here. Nonetheless, we support our proposal by demonstrating that the intensity and spectral characteristics of AQN-induced events are consistent with the aforementioned puzzling observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17010079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T11:57:58Z","timestamp":1736164678000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mysterious Anomalies in Earth\u2019s Atmosphere and Strongly Interacting Dark Matter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2049-228X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Zhitnitsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1294-1433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Maroudas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dark.2017.06.001","article-title":"The Sun and its Planets as detectors for invisible matter","volume":"17","author":"Bertolucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Dark Univ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dark.2020.100497","article-title":"Stratospheric temperature anomalies as imprints from the dark Universe","volume":"28","author":"Zioutas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Dark Univ."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Zioutas, K., Anastassopoulos, V., Argiriou, A., Cantatore, G., Cetin, S., Fischer, H., Gardikiotis, A., Haralambous, H., Hoffmann, D.H., and Hofmann, S. (2023). Atmospheric Temperature anomalies as manifestation of the dark Universe. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2003\/10\/010","article-title":"\u2018Nonbaryonic\u2019 dark matter as baryonic colour superconductor","volume":"10","author":"Zhitnitsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130017","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217732321300172","article-title":"Axion quark nuggets. Dark matter and matter\u2013antimatter asymmetry: Theory, observations and future experiments","volume":"36","author":"Zhitnitsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod. Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Maroudas, M. (2022). Signals for Invisible Matter from Solar\u2014Terrestrial Observations. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Patras]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zioutas, K., Maroudas, M., and Kosovichev, A. (2022). On the origin of the rhythmic sun\u2019s radius variation. Symmetry, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14020325"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-6505(03)00138-5","article-title":"Gravitational lensing by the sun of non-relativistic penetrating particles","volume":"20","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Astropart. Phys."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123043","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.108.123043","article-title":"Gravitational focusing effects on streaming dark matter as a new detection concept","volume":"108","author":"Kryemadhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cantatore, G., \u00c7etin, S.A., Fischer, H., Funk, W., Karuza, M., Kryemadhi, A., Maroudas, M., \u00d6zbozduman, K., Semertzidis, Y.K., and Zioutas, K. (2023). Dark Matter Detection in the Stratosphere. Symmetry, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15061167"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zioutas, K., Anastassopoulos, V., Argiriou, A., Cantatore, G., Cetin, S.A., Gardikiotis, A., Hoffmann, D.H., Hofmann, S., Karuza, M., and Kryemadhi, A. (2021). The Dark Universe is not invisible. Phys. Sci. Forum, 2.","DOI":"10.3390\/ECU2021-09313"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2024\/05\/014","article-title":"Exploring the detection of AQNs in large liquid detectors","volume":"5","author":"Lazanu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Zioutas, K., Zhitnitsky, A., Zamantzas, C., Semertzidis, Y.K., Ruimie, O.M., Ozbozduman, K., Maroudas, M., Kryemadhi, A., Karuza, M., and Horns, D. (2024). Search for anti-quark nuggets via their interaction with the LHC beam. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Adair, C.M., Altenm\u00fcller, K., Anastassopoulos, V., Cuendis, S.A., Baier, J., Barth, K., Belov, A., Bozicevic, D., Br\u00e4uninger, H., and Cantatore, G. (2024). The daily modulations and broadband strategy in axion searches. An application with CAST-CAPP detector. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.85.1561","article-title":"Colloquium: Annual modulation of dark matter","volume":"85","author":"Freese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7iner, A., Erg\u00fcler, Z.A., Bezzeghoud, M., Ustuner, M., Eshagh, M., El-Askary, H., Biswas, A., Gasperini, L., Hinzen, K.-G., and Karakus, M. (2024). Fingerprints of the dark universe in geoscience. Recent Research on Geotechnical Engineering, Remote Sensing, Geophysics and Earthquake Seismology, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43218-7"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2017.11.004","article-title":"Dark Matter Self-interactions and Small Scale Structure","volume":"730","author":"Tulin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rept."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.30.272","article-title":"Cosmic separation of phases","volume":"30","author":"Witten","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.30.2379","article-title":"Strange matter","volume":"30","author":"Farhi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/312734a0","article-title":"Nuclearites\u2014A novel form of cosmic radiation","volume":"312","author":"Glashow","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2017.06.022","article-title":"The bursts of high energy events observed by the telescope array surface detector","volume":"381","author":"Abbasi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012067","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1181\/1\/012067","article-title":"Telescope array observatory for the high energy radiation induced by lightning","volume":"1181","author":"Okuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065201","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6471\/abd457","article-title":"The Mysterious Bursts observed by Telescope Array and Axion Quark Nuggets","volume":"48","author":"Zhitnitsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. G"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes at the Pierre Auger Observatory?","volume":"395","author":"Colalillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pos Proc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"03003","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/201919703003","article-title":"The observation of lightning-related events with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory","volume":"197","author":"Colalillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"EPJ Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colalillo, R., Albuquerque, I.F., Catalani, F., Souza, V.D., Kemmerich, N., Lang, R.G., Prado, R.R., Carvalho, W., Santos, E.M., and Peixoto, C.J. (2017, January 10\u201320). Peculiar lightning-related events observed by the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference\u2014ICRC 2017, Bexco, Busan, Republic of Korea.","DOI":"10.22323\/1.301.0314"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105201","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6471\/ac8569","article-title":"The Pierre Auger exotic events and axion quark nuggets","volume":"49","author":"Zhitnitsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. G"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"071101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.071101","article-title":"Characteristics of Four Upward-pointing Cosmic-ray-like Events Observed with ANITA","volume":"117","author":"Gorham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.161102","article-title":"Observation of an Unusual Upward-going Cosmic-ray-like Event in the Third Flight of ANITA","volume":"121","author":"Gorham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"063022","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.106.063022","article-title":"ANITA anomalous events and axion quark nuggets","volume":"106","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14001","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/201714514001","article-title":"Extensive Air Showers with unusual structure","volume":"145","author":"Beznosko","year":"2017","journal-title":"EPJ Web Conf."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beisembaev, R., Beznosko, D., Beisembaeva, E., Dalkarov, O., Mossunov, V., Ryabov, V., Shaulov, S., Vildanova, M., Zhukov, V., and Baigarin, K. (August, January 24). Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of EAS with Delayed Particles. Proceedings of the 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference\u2014ICRC2019, Madison, WI, USA.","DOI":"10.22323\/1.358.0195"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhitnitsky, A. (2021). Multi-Modal Clustering Events Observed by Horizon-10T and Axion Quark Nuggets. Universe, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/universe7100384"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budker, D., Flambaum, V.V., and Zhitnitsky, A. (2022). Infrasonic, acoustic and seismic waves produced by the Axion Quark Nuggets. Symmetry, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14030459"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043531","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.100.043531","article-title":"Gravitationally trapped axions on the Earth","volume":"100","author":"Lawson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"083502","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.94.083502","article-title":"Axion field and the quark nugget\u2019s formation at the QCD phase transition","volume":"94","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"063514","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.96.063514","article-title":"Cosmological C P -odd axion field as the coherent Berry\u2019s phase of the Universe","volume":"96","author":"Ge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043008","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.97.043008","article-title":"Cosmological axion and a quark nugget dark matter model","volume":"97","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116017","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.99.116017","article-title":"Axion quark nugget dark matter model: Size distribution and survival pattern","volume":"99","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043515","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.74.043515","article-title":"Cold dark matter as compact composite objects","volume":"74","author":"Zhitnitsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023517","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.99.023517","article-title":"Primordial Lithium Puzzle and the Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter Model","volume":"99","author":"Flambaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2020.135574","article-title":"Antimatter as Macroscopic Dark Matter","volume":"807","author":"Sidhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. B"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"083530","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.104.083530","article-title":"Neutrino emission and initial evolution of axionic quark nuggets","volume":"104","author":"Morano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dark.2019.100295","article-title":"The 21 cm absorption line and the axion quark nugget dark matter model","volume":"24","author":"Lawson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Dark Univ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stv774","article-title":"Macro Dark Matter","volume":"450","author":"Jacobs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mon. Not. Royal Astron. Soc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.80.1455","article-title":"Color superconductivity in dense quark matter","volume":"80","author":"Alford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123021","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.102.123021","article-title":"Impulsive radio events in quiet solar corona and axion quark nugget dark matter","volume":"102","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"083505","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.78.083505","article-title":"WMAP haze: Directly observing dark matter?","volume":"78","author":"Forbes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/796\/2\/85","article-title":"On the origin of a sunquake during the 2014 march 29 x1 flare","volume":"796","author":"Judge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/812\/1\/35","article-title":"Spectroscopic Signatures Related to a Sunquake","volume":"812","author":"Matthews","year":"2015","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dark.2018.08.001","article-title":"Solar Flares and the Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter Model","volume":"22","author":"Zhitnitsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Dark Univ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043012","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.101.043012","article-title":"Axion Quark Nuggets and how a Global Network can discover them","volume":"101","author":"Budker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"096001","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.103.096001","article-title":"Proposed network to detect axion quark nugget dark matter","volume":"103","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023003","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.106.023003","article-title":"Search for dark matter with an LC circuit","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141801","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.141801","article-title":"Broadband and Resonant Approaches to Axion Dark Matter Detection","volume":"117","author":"Kahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.131301","article-title":"Proposal for Axion Dark Matter Detection Using an LC Circuit","volume":"112","author":"Sikivie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Chaudhuri, S., Irwin, K., Graham, P.W., and Mardon, J. (2018). Fundamental Limits of Electromagnetic Axion and Hidden-Photon Dark Matter Searches: Part I\u2014The Quantum Limit."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300046","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.202300046","article-title":"Advances in Searching for Galactic Axions with a Dielectric Haloscope (MADMAX)","volume":"536","author":"Gardikiotis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Phys."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2023\/08\/077","article-title":"First results from BRASS-p broadband searches for hidden photon dark matter","volume":"8","author":"Bajjali","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2016.06.005","article-title":"Axion cosmology","volume":"643","author":"Marsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nucl-102014-022120","article-title":"Experimental Searches for the Axion and Axion-Like Particles","volume":"65","author":"Graham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2018.07.005","article-title":"High magnetic fields for fundamental physics","volume":"765\u2013766","author":"Battesti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rept."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppnp.2018.05.003","article-title":"New experimental approaches in the search for axion-like particles","volume":"102","author":"Irastorza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015004","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.93.015004","article-title":"Invisible Axion Search Methods","volume":"93","author":"Sikivie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043512","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.101.043512","article-title":"Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter: Time Modulations and Amplifications","volume":"101","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salucci, P., Turini, N., and Di Paolo, C. (2020). Paradigms and Scenarios for the Dark Matter Phenomenon. Universe, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/universe6080118"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dark.2023.101217","article-title":"Structure formation paradigm and axion quark nugget dark matter model","volume":"40","author":"Zhitnitsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Dark Univ."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/798\/1\/14","article-title":"The mystery of the cosmic diffuse ultraviolet background radiation","volume":"798","author":"Henry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aabcb9","article-title":"The diffuse radiation field at high galactic latitudes","volume":"858","author":"Akshaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/stz2186","article-title":"Components of the diffuse ultraviolet radiation at high latitudes","volume":"489","author":"Akshaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2022.137015","article-title":"The mysterious diffuse UV radiation and axion quark nugget dark matter model","volume":"828","author":"Zhitnitsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. B"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1088\/1475-7516\/2017\/10\/050","article-title":"Solar Extreme UV radiation and quark nugget dark matter model","volume":"10","author":"Zhitnitsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103527","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.98.103527","article-title":"Solar corona heating by axion quark nugget dark matter","volume":"98","author":"Raza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1086\/166485","article-title":"Nanoflares and the solar X-ray corona","volume":"330","author":"Parker","year":"1988","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Homola, P., Beznosko, D., Bhatta, G., Bibrzycki, \u0141., Borczy\u0144ska, M., Bratek, \u0141., Budnev, N., Burakowski, D., Alvarez-Castillo, D.E., and \u0106wik\u0142a, A. (2020). Cosmic-ray extremely distributed observatory. Symmetry, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12111835"}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/1\/79\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:23:54Z","timestamp":1759919034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/1\/79"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["sym17010079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym17010079","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]}}}