{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:44:10Z","timestamp":1759970650290,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Statutory Liability","award":["WNoZ-318\/S\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WNoZ-318\/S\/2024"]}]},{"name":"Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin","award":["WNoZ-318\/S\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WNoZ-318\/S\/2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term covering acute or chronic musculoskeletal and neuromuscular pain associated with the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint, and the associated structures. The surface electromyography (sEMG) test represents clinical potential as an additional diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in masseter and temporalis muscle activity (in sEMG) in subjects with TMD compared to a control group. Methods: The TMD group included 45 people qualified according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorder (DC\/TMD). In the control group, there were 30 subjects. All participants underwent detailed examinations including sEMG diagnosis of the masseter and temporalis muscles. The sEMG was measured both at rest and during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Amplitude root mean square (ARMS) values for the analysis were determined. Results: No differences were shown in the value of the results between TMD and control group in RS ARMS transformed data values (p = 0.086) and in the MVC ARMS transformed data values (p = 0.536). The presence of TMD has no significant effect on the symmetry index value for the temporalis (p = 0.42) and masseter muscles (p = 0.379). Conclusions: Analysis of both raw and normalized sEMG signals is insufficient to differentiate TMD patients from healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17020181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T11:50:47Z","timestamp":1737719447000},"page":"181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identifying Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Based on Patterns of Electromyographic Activity of the Masseter and Temporalis Muscles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7315-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Radecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, \u017bo\u0142nierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6760-199X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldemar","family":"Pluta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, \u017bo\u0142nierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-0611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Antczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, \u017bo\u0142nierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Lubkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research at the Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, \u017bo\u0142nierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5378-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lubkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, \u017bo\u0142nierska 54, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Luo, X., Li, X., Shi, B., and Tan, L. (2024). The Preliminary Study of the Effects of Individual Musculoskeletally Stable Position in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders. BMC Oral Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04864-9"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c2ngelo, D.F., Faria-Teixeira, M.C., Maffia, F., Sanz, D., Sarkis, M., Marques, R., Mota, B., Jo\u00e3o, R.S., and Cardoso, H.J. (2024). Association of Malocclusion with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13164909"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, K.-J., Zhang, Q.-Q., Zhang, F., Wang, R., and Liu, Y.-F. (2024). Biomechanical Behavior of Temporomandibular Joint Movements Driven by Mastication Muscles. Int. J. Numer. Method Biomed. Eng., 40.","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3862"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szyszka-Sommerfeld, L., Syci\u0144ska-Dziarnowska, M., Spagnuolo, G., and Wo\u017aniak, K. (2023). Surface Electromyography in the Assessment of Masticatory Muscle Activity in Patients with Pain-Related Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review. Front. Neurol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1184036"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416686302","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders: Old Ideas and New Concepts","volume":"37","author":"List","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ski, G., Paj\u0105k-Zieli\u0144ska, B., and Ginszt, M. (2024). A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051365"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.04.021","article-title":"Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review of Axis I Epidemiologic Findings","volume":"112","author":"Manfredini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12661","article-title":"Gender Differences in Temporomandibular Disorders in Adult Populational Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"45","author":"Bueno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC\/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: Recommendations of the International RDC\/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group\u2020","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minervini, G., Marrapodi, M.M., Siurkel, Y., Cicci\u00f9, M., and Ronsivalle, V. (2024). Accuracy of Temporomandibular Disorders Diagnosis Evaluated through the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (DC\/TDM) Axis II Compared to the Axis I Evaluations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Oral Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03983-7"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"383","article-title":"Evaluation of Signs, Symptoms, and Occlusal Factors among Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders According to Helkimo Index","volume":"37","author":"Nokar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cranio J. Craniomandib. Pract."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"635","article-title":"Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Malocclusion in Young Adult Males\u2014A Clinical Examination in a Medical Experiment","volume":"20","author":"Kawala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorosz, T., Ma\u0144ko, A., and Ginszt, M. (2024). Use of Surface Electromyography to Evaluate Effects of Therapeutic Methods on Masticatory Muscle Activity in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030920"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"9750915","article-title":"Electromyography as a Means of Assessing Masticatory Muscle Activity in Patients with Pain-Related Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"2020","author":"Machoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.883927","article-title":"Surface Electromyography in Orthodontics\u2014A Literature Review","volume":"19","author":"Lipski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13139","article-title":"Is Jaw Muscle Activity Impaired in Adults with Persistent Temporomandibular Disorders? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Dinsdale","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ski, G., and Ginszt, M. (2025). Electromyographic Diagnostic Ranges Defining Temporomandibular Disorders and Healthy Individuals\u2019 Results in Functional Clenching Index. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010014"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2012.0177","article-title":"Electromyography in Diagnosing Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"143","author":"Thie","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2011.02218.x","article-title":"Surface Electromyography of Jaw Muscles and Kinesiographic Recordings: Diagnostic Accuracy for Myofascial Pain","volume":"38","author":"Manfredini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-83242004000400003","article-title":"Effect of Conventional TENS on Pain and Electromyographic Activity of Masticatory Muscles in TMD Patients","volume":"18","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2004","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.05.004","article-title":"Accuracy of the Surface Electromyography RMS Processing for the Diagnosis of Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorder","volume":"25","author":"Berni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12941","article-title":"Is There a Difference in the Electromyographic Activity of the Masticatory Muscles between Individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder and Healthy Controls? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Bussadori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Beltran Martinez, K., Golabchi, A., Tavakoli, M., and Rouhani, H. (2023). A Dynamic Procedure to Detect Maximum Voluntary Contractions in Low Back. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23114999"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, D., Zhou, H., Quan, W., Ma, X., Chon, T.-E., Fernandez, J., Gusztav, F., Kov\u00e1cs, A., Baker, J.S., and Gu, Y. (2024). New Insights Optimize Landing Strategies to Reduce Lower Limb Injury Risk. Cyborg. Bionic Syst., 5.","DOI":"10.34133\/cbsystems.0126"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102440","article-title":"Tutorial. Surface EMG Detection, Conditioning and Pre-Processing: Best Practices","volume":"54","author":"Merletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13032","article-title":"Is SEMG Recorded \u201cHyperactivity\u201d during Mandibular Rest a Sign of Dysfunctional Jaw Muscle Activity and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)?","volume":"47","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szyszka-Sommerfeld, L., Syci\u0144ska-Dziarnowska, M., Budzy\u0144ska, A., and Wo\u017aniak, K. (2022). Accuracy of Surface Electromyography in the Diagnosis of Pain-Related Temporomandibular Disorders in Children with Awake Bruxism. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11051323"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.03.011","article-title":"Activity of Masticatory Muscles in Subjects with Different Orofacial Pain Conditions","volume":"116","author":"Woda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13617","article-title":"Relationship between Masseter Muscle Activity during Wakefulness and Temporomandibular Disorder-Related Symptoms","volume":"51","author":"Osako","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12159","article-title":"Surface Electromyography Findings in Unilateral Myofascial Pain Patients: Comparison of Painful vs. Non Painful Sides","volume":"14","author":"Manfredini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauriti, L., Motta, L.J., de Godoy, C.H.L., Biasotto-Gonzalez, D.A., Politti, F., Mesquita-Ferrari, R.A., Fernandes, K.P.S., and Bussadori, S.K. (2014). Influence of Temporomandibular Disorder on Temporal and Masseter Muscles and Occlusal Contacts in Adolescents: An Electromyographic Study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-123"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.04.010","article-title":"Activation Time Analysis and Electromyographic Fatigue in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders during Clenching","volume":"25","author":"Pitta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2008.10.002","article-title":"Changes in EMG Activity during Clenching in Chronic Pain Patients with Unilateral Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"19","author":"Cudeiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.11.002","article-title":"An Investigation on the Simultaneously Recorded Occlusion Contact and Surface Electromyographic Activity for Patients with Unilateral Temporomandibular Disorders Pain","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2007.05.011","article-title":"Masticatory Muscle Activity during Maximum Voluntary Clench in Different Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC\/TMD) Groups","volume":"13","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Man Ther."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.08.022","article-title":"Reorganization of Muscle Activity in Patients with Chronic Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"72","author":"Mapelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2019.1589703","article-title":"Jaw Muscle Activity Patterns in Women with Chronic TMD Myalgia during Standardized Clenching and Chewing Tasks","volume":"39","author":"Valentino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.03.003","article-title":"Surface Electromyographic Assessment of Patients with Long Lasting Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Pain","volume":"21","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.01.016","article-title":"Mandibular Kinematics and Masticatory Muscles EMG in Patients with Short Lasting TMD of Mild-Moderate Severity","volume":"23","author":"Mapelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2016.10.006","article-title":"Characteristics of EMG Frequency Bands in Temporomandibullar Disorders Patients","volume":"31","author":"Politti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u0119bska, M., Dalewski, B., Pa\u0142ka, \u0141., Kiczmer, P., and Ko\u0142odziej, \u0141. (2023). Effect of Physiotherapeutic Procedures on the Bioelectric Activity of the Masseter Muscle and the Range of Motion of the Temporomandibular Joints in the Female Population with Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Oral Health, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03601-y"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"333","article-title":"Activity and Asymmetry Index of Masticatory Muscles in Women with and without Dysfunction Temporomandibular","volume":"50","author":"Berni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ginszt, M., and Zieli\u0144ski, G. (2021). Novel Functional Indices of Masticatory Muscle Activity. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071440"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ski, G., By\u015b, A., Szkutnik, J., Majcher, P., and Ginszt, M. (2021). Electromyographic Patterns of Masticatory Muscles in Relation to Active Myofascial Trigger Points of the Upper Trapezius and Temporomandibular Disorders. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11040580"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"A334","article-title":"Accuracy of a Single Channel Nasal Pressure Recording Device for Repeated Ambulatory Use in Suspected Sleep Apnea","volume":"28","author":"Jankelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1179\/crn.2011.034","article-title":"International College of Cranio-Mandibular Orthopedics (ICCMO) Temporomandibular Disorders: A Position Paper of the International College of Cranio-Mandibular Orthopedics (ICCMO)","volume":"29","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, W., Gong, D., Xue, X., and Gao, L. (2024). Improved Multi-Layer Wavelet Transform and Blind Source Separation Based ECG Artifacts Removal Algorithm from the sEMG Signal: In the Case of Upper Limbs. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1367929"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2023.102807","article-title":"Tutorial. Surface Electromyogram (sEMG) Amplitude Estimation: Best Practices","volume":"72","author":"Clancy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.09.001","article-title":"Evaluation of Integral Electromyographic Values and Median Power Frequency Values in Women with Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorder and Asymptomatic Controls","volume":"22","author":"Pires","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.113267","article-title":"Changes in Jaw and Neck Muscle Coactivation and Coordination in Patients with Chronic Painful TMD Disk Displacement with Reduction during Chewing","volume":"230","author":"Fassicollo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2017.1290907","article-title":"Relations between the Results of Complex Clinical and Neurophysiological Examinations in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders Symptoms","volume":"36","author":"Huber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12497","article-title":"Influence of Sustained Submaximal Clenching Fatigue Test on Electromyographic Activity and Maximum Voluntary Bite Forces in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"161","article-title":"Bioelectric Activity of Mastication Muscles and the Functional Impairment Risk Groups Concerning the Masticatory Muscles","volume":"20","author":"Ginszt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"750","article-title":"Effects of Verbal Encouragement on Force and Electromyographic Activations during Exercise","volume":"58","author":"Belkhiria","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ski, G., and Gawda, P. (2024). Surface Electromyography in Dentistry\u2014Past, Present and Future. JCM, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051328"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5667","article-title":"Current Developments in Surface Electromyography","volume":"53","author":"Alcan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2021.100732","article-title":"Electromyographic Changes in Masseter and Sternocleidomastoid Muscles Can Be Applied to Diagnose of Temporomandibular Disorders: An Observational Study","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integr. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1993.tb01609.x","article-title":"Electromyographic Activity of Human Masticatory Muscles in Normal Young People. Statistical Evaluation of Reference Values for Clinical Applications","volume":"20","author":"Ferrario","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.11.013","article-title":"Electromyographic Indices, Orofacial Myofunctional Status and Temporomandibular Disorders Severity: A Correlation Study","volume":"22","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5935\/2595-0118.20190040","article-title":"Correlations between Masticatory Muscle Activity, Quality of Life, and Dysfunction Severity in Women with Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder","volume":"2","author":"Fassicollo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BrJP"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.04.001","article-title":"Activity Modulations of Trunk and Lower Limb Muscles during Impact-Absorbing Landing","volume":"21","author":"Iida","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12266","article-title":"Temporomandibular Joint Articulations on Working Side during Chewing in Adult Females with Cross-Bite and Mandibular Asymmetry","volume":"42","author":"Yashiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.04.006","article-title":"Effect of Different Dental Articulating Papers on SEMG Activity during Maximum Clenching","volume":"25","author":"Augusti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400712","article-title":"Effect of Occlusal Interference on Habitual Activity of Human Masseter","volume":"84","author":"Michelotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2017.01.003","article-title":"Development of Electromyographic Indicators for the Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Protocol for an Assessor-Blinded Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Integr. Med. Res."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/2\/181\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:35:53Z","timestamp":1759919753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/2\/181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["sym17020181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym17020181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2073-8994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]}}}