{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:41:06Z","timestamp":1775839266000,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon Europe Framework Programme (HORIZON) Teaming for Excellence (HORIZON-WIDERA-2022-ACCESS-01-two-stage)","award":["101059985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101059985"]}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe Framework Programme (HORIZON) Teaming for Excellence (HORIZON-WIDERA-2022-ACCESS-01-two-stage)","award":["10-042-P-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-042-P-0002"]}]},{"name":"FOREST 4.0: \u201cEkscelencijos centras tvariai mi\u0161ko bioekonomikai vystyti\u201d","award":["101059985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101059985"]}]},{"name":"FOREST 4.0: \u201cEkscelencijos centras tvariai mi\u0161ko bioekonomikai vystyti\u201d","award":["10-042-P-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-042-P-0002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to examine changes in the number of live and dying trees in central Lithuanian forests over time. Results were obtained using stochastic differential equations combined with the normal copula function. The examination of each tree\u2019s individual size variables (height and diameter) showed that the mean values of dead or dying trees\u2019 size variables had significantly lower trajectories that were particularly pronounced in mature stands. According to the data set under examination, the tree mortality rate gradually declined with age, reaching approximately 7% after 10 years. Birch trees 60\u201370 years old were the first species to reach the 1% mortality rate, followed by spruce trees 70\u201380 years old and pine trees 80\u201390 years old. The Maple symbolic algebra system was used to implement all results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17020213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T05:08:26Z","timestamp":1738300106000},"page":"213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diffusion Mechanisms for Both Living and Dying Trees Across 37 Years in a Forest Stand in Lithuania\u2019s Kazl\u0173 R\u016bda Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Edmundas","family":"Petrauskas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Bioeconomy Research Institute, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1738-2039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petras","family":"Rup\u0161ys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forest Sciences and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Bioeconomy Research Institute, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Faculty of Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eR03S","DOI":"10.5424\/fs\/2017262-11325","article-title":"A review of thinning effects on Scots pine stands: From growth and yield to new challenges under global change","volume":"26","author":"Oviedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"For. 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