{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:50:27Z","timestamp":1760057427598,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12072135","12227801","Z412302007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072135","12227801","Z412302007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd.","award":["12072135","12227801","Z412302007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12072135","12227801","Z412302007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article proposes an arbitrary polygonal hybrid stress element considering gravity. It derives an arbitrary polygonal hybrid stress element considering gravity alone for slope stability related engineering analysis. In the stability analysis of slopes, slope disasters caused by gravity erosion have recently become an urgent problem to be solved through engineering. The traditional finite element analysis of slope stability faces problems such as a large number of divided elements and slow calculation efficiency. By introducing high-order stress fields through stress hybridization elements, accurate results can be simulated using a small number of elements. When dividing the mesh, most of the cell shapes are asymmetric, and the shape of the cell can be any polygon, which can simulate the geometric shape of complex slopes well and more accurately calculate the stress distribution in different parts, thus accurately simulating the stability situation in engineering. By comparing with the corresponding commercial software MARC 2020, the effectiveness and efficiency of the element were verified. It has been proven that any polygonal hybrid stress element has the advantage of flexible mesh division, which can obtain high-order stress fields and stress concentration phenomena with fewer elements. Applying this element to practical problems of slopes in engineering has also achieved good calculation results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17020265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T06:43:07Z","timestamp":1739169787000},"page":"265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Slope Calculation Analysis Based on Arbitrary Polygonal Hybrid Stress Elements Considering Gravity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}]},{"given":"Jingjie","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiluodu Hydropower Plant, China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Zhaotong 657000, China"}]},{"given":"Changhao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiluodu Hydropower Plant, China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Zhaotong 657000, China"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiluodu Hydropower Plant, China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Zhaotong 657000, China"}]},{"given":"Runjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"}]},{"given":"Xuyang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiluodu Hydropower Plant, China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Zhaotong 657000, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiluodu Hydropower Plant, China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Zhaotong 657000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2016.04.037","article-title":"A complex rock topple-rock slide failure of an anaclinal rock slope in the Wu Gorge, Yangtze River, China","volume":"208","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eng. 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