{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T15:43:37Z","timestamp":1769269417824,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG)","award":["FR-23-18821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR-23-18821"]}]},{"name":"Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG)","award":["57693448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57693448"]}]},{"name":"Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG)","award":["DE-FG 03-96ER-54366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-FG 03-96ER-54366"]}]},{"name":"Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG)","award":["ST\/W000865\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/W000865\/1"]}]},{"name":"German DAAD scholarship within the program Research Stays for University Academics and Scientists","award":["FR-23-18821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR-23-18821"]}]},{"name":"German DAAD scholarship within the program Research Stays for University Academics and Scientists","award":["57693448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57693448"]}]},{"name":"German DAAD scholarship within the program Research Stays for University Academics and Scientists","award":["DE-FG 03-96ER-54366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-FG 03-96ER-54366"]}]},{"name":"German DAAD scholarship within the program Research Stays for University Academics and Scientists","award":["ST\/W000865\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/W000865\/1"]}]},{"name":"USDOE","award":["FR-23-18821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR-23-18821"]}]},{"name":"USDOE","award":["57693448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57693448"]}]},{"name":"USDOE","award":["DE-FG 03-96ER-54366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-FG 03-96ER-54366"]}]},{"name":"USDOE","award":["ST\/W000865\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/W000865\/1"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)","award":["FR-23-18821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR-23-18821"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)","award":["57693448"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57693448"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)","award":["DE-FG 03-96ER-54366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-FG 03-96ER-54366"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)","award":["ST\/W000865\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/W000865\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The origin and acceleration of high-energy particles, constituting cosmic rays, is likely to remain an important topic in modern astrophysics. Among the two categories galactic and solar cosmic rays, the latter are much less investigated. The primary source of solar cosmic ray particles are impulsive explosions of the magnetized plasma, known as solar flares and coronal mass ejections. These particles, however, are characterized by relatively low energies compared to their galactic counterparts. In this work, we explore the resonance wave\u2013wave (RWW) interaction between the polarized electromagnetic radiation emitted by the solar active regions and the quantum waves associated with high-energy, relativistic electrons generated during solar flares. Mathematically, the RWW interaction problem boils down to analyzing a Klein\u2013Gordon Equation (spinless electrons) embedded in the electromagnetic field. We find that RWW could accelerate the relativistic electrons to enormous energies even comparable to energies in the galactic cosmic rays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17030366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T04:28:18Z","timestamp":1740716898000},"page":"366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Can the Solar Atmosphere Generate Very-High-Energy Cosmic Rays?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9657-5356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaza N.","family":"Osmanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Free University of Tbilisi, 0183 Tbilisi, Georgia"},{"name":"E. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kuridze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Solar Observatory, 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA"}]},{"given":"Swadesh M.","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.12942\/lrsp-2008-1","article-title":"Flare Observations","volume":"5","author":"Benz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Living Rev. Sol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-010-9701-8","article-title":"An observational overview of solar flares","volume":"159","author":"Fletcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Space Sci. 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