{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T20:23:24Z","timestamp":1785875004551,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science","award":["XDB0990000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0990000"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science","award":["2023YFC2415000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2415000"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science","award":["2022YFA1104800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1104800"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["XDB0990000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0990000"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2023YFC2415000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2415000"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022YFA1104800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1104800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In assisted reproductive technology (ART), maintaining a uniform and stable temperature field within the culture space is critical for ensuring consistent embryo development quality. Traditional heating methods often overlook the inherent heat transfer characteristics of the system, resulting in significant temperature gradients across the culture space. This study introduces a quantitative optimization approach for the heating element, focusing on metal foil as a case study, to enhance temperature uniformity in the embryo chamber. We employ numerical simulation techniques to analyze the temperature distribution of the cultivation chamber based on the layout of the heating elements. After the chamber achieves heat transfer equilibrium, we segment the culture chamber structure into multiple isothermal regions and apply the law of energy conservation to establish a mathematical relationship between the changes in heating element resistance and temperature within each region. By iteratively adjusting the length or width of the metal foil in different areas, we optimize the temperature distribution of the overall structure, thereby improving the uniformity of the temperature field within the embryo chamber. The experimental results indicate that the optimized heating element reduces the temperature gradient within the culture chamber from 0.5 \u00b0C to less than 0.1 \u00b0C, providing robust technical support for enhancing embryo development quality and consistency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17040478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T13:48:20Z","timestamp":1742824100000},"page":"478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quantitative Optimization of the Heating Element for Enhanced Temperature Uniformity in an Embryo Chamber"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donggen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6454-7156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haixuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2017.08.009","article-title":"The impact of transient heat transfer on tissue culture cell distribution","volume":"163","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosyst. 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