{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T13:55:27Z","timestamp":1771941327361,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"key research and development plan project of Shandong Province","award":["2019GNC106032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GNC106032"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Department of Transportation","award":["2019GNC106032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GNC106032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coordinated optimization of free-surface dynamics tracking and solid deformation computation remains a persistent challenge in casting filling simulations. While the traditional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method suffers from prohibitive computational costs limiting practical applications, the delayed interface updates of the finite element method (FEM) compromise simulation fidelity. This study proposes a symmetric SPH-FEM coupling algorithm that integrates real-time particle-grid data exchange, and validation through ring filling simulations demonstrated close agreement with Schmid\u2019s benchmark experiments, confirming flow field reconstruction reliability. Furthermore, bottom-injection plate experiments verified the method\u2019s thermal modeling stability, achieving fully coupled flow\u2013thermal\u2013stress simulations with enhanced computational efficiency. The proposed symmetric coupling framework achieves engineering-ready simulation speeds without compromising accuracy, and this advancement establishes a novel computational tool for predicting casting defects including porosity and hot tears, significantly advancing the implementation of high-fidelity numerical simulation in foundry engineering applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17040494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T12:18:52Z","timestamp":1742905132000},"page":"494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Numerical Simulation of Casting Filling Process Based on SPH-FEM Coupling Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Machinery, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250300, China"}]},{"given":"Peigang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Machinery, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250300, China"}]},{"given":"Weibo","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Machinery, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250300, China"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Machinery, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250300, China"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Machinery, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250300, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chakrabarti, A.K. 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