{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T08:37:26Z","timestamp":1772527046292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Large Strain-based Oil and Gas Pipe Safety Early Warning Technology","award":["GWHT20230013782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GWHT20230013782"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring and early warning systems for cross-fault buried pipelines are critical measures to ensure the safe operation of oil and gas pipelines. Accurately acquiring pipeline strain response serves as the fundamental basis for achieving this objective. This study proposes a comprehensive analytical methodology combining finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental verification to investigate strain responses in cross-fault buried pipelines. Firstly, a finite element modeling approach with equivalent-spring boundaries was established for cross-fault pipeline systems. Secondly, based on the similarity ratio theory, an experimental platform was designed using \u03a689 mm X42 steel pipes and in situ soil materials. Subsequently, the finite element model of the experimental conditions was constructed using the proposed FEA. Guided by simulation results, strain sensors were strategically deployed on test pipelines to capture strain response data under mechanical loading. Finally, prototype-scale strain responses were obtained through similarity ratio inverse modeling, and a comparative analysis with full-scale FEA results was performed. The results demonstrate that strike-slip fault displacement induces characteristic \u201cS\u201d-shaped antisymmetric deformation in pipelines, with maximum strain concentrations occurring near the fault plane. Both the magnitude and location of maximum strain derived from similarity ratio inverse modeling show close agreement with FEA predictions, with relative discrepancies within 18%. This consistency validates the reliability of the experimental design and confirms the accuracy of the finite element model. The proposed methodology provides valuable technical guidance for implementing strain-based monitoring and early warning systems in cross-fault buried pipeline applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17040501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T11:35:47Z","timestamp":1742988947000},"page":"501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Strain Response Analysis and Experimental Study of the Cross-Fault Buried Pipelines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"Construction Project Management Branch of National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipe Network Group Co., Ltd., Langfang 065001, China"}]},{"given":"Shaofeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Construction Project Management Branch of National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipe Network Group Co., Ltd., Langfang 065001, China"}]},{"given":"Wangqiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Construction Project Management Branch of National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipe Network Group Co., Ltd., Langfang 065001, China"}]},{"given":"Zhiqin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China"}]},{"given":"Jiayong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PipeChina Engineering Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China"}]},{"given":"Yanbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Construction Project Management Branch of National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipe Network Group Co., Ltd., Langfang 065001, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"O\u2019Rourke, T.D., and Mccaffrey, M.A. (1984, January 21\u201328). 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