{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:07:11Z","timestamp":1760058431897,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People are naturally drawn to symmetrical faces, as symmetry is often associated with attractiveness. In contrast to human faces, animated characters often emphasize certain geometric features, exaggerating them while maintaining symmetry and enhancing their visual appeal. This study investigated the impact of geometric parameters of facial features on fixation duration and explored 60 facial samples across two races (American, Japanese) and two conditions (animated, real). Relevant length, angle, and area parameters were extracted from the eyebrows, eyes, ears, nose, and chin regions of the facial samples. Using an eye-tracking experiment design, fixation duration (FD) and fixation count (FC) were extracted from 10 s gaze stimuli. Sixty participants (32 males and 28 females) took part. The results showed that, compared to Japanese animation, American animation typically induced a longer FD and higher FC on features like the eyes (p &lt; 0.001), nose (p &lt; 0.001), ears (p &lt; 0.01), and chin (p &lt; 0.01). Compared to real faces, animated characters typically attracted a longer FD and higher FC on areas such as the eyebrows (p &lt; 0.001), eyes (p &lt; 0.001), and ears (p &lt; 0.001), while the nose (p &lt; 0.001) and chin (p &lt; 0.001) attracted a shorter FD and lower FC. Additionally, a correlation analysis between FD and geometric features showed a high positive correlation in the geometric features of the eyes, nose, and chin for both American and Japanese animated faces. The geometric features of the nose in real American and Japanese faces showed a high negative correlation coefficient. These findings highlight notable differences in FD and FC across different races and facial conditions, suggesting that facial geometric features may play a role in shaping gaze patterns and contributing to the objective quantitative assessment of FD. These insights are critical for optimizing animated character design and enhancing engagement in cross-cultural media and digital interfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17040528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T08:48:00Z","timestamp":1743410880000},"page":"528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Correlation Between Gaze Patterns and Facial Geometric Parameters: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Real and Animated Faces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4236-8112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Digital Media Design, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1102-8650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang-Ming","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Effectiveness of cartoons as a uniquely visual medium for orienting social issues","volume":"11","author":"Abraham","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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