{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T19:44:44Z","timestamp":1768074284133,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Italian Ministry of Health-Ricerca Corrente"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Post-stroke hemiplegia often leads to gait asymmetry, mobility reduction, and increased fall risk. Foot Drop Stimulation (FDS) is used in rehabilitation to improve dorsiflexion and gait patterns. Through cyclogram-based analysis, this retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of FDS in enhancing inter-limb gait symmetry in 21 post-stroke hemiplegic individuals following 10 sessions of treadmill training combined with FDS. Participants underwent 3D gait analysis pre- and post-intervention, performed by means of optical motion capture system, from which spatiotemporal and cyclogram features of the hip, knee, and ankle were computed. FDS was found to significantly improve dynamic range of motion (ROM) of the affected side at hip (+5%) and knee (+9%) joints. Cyclogram analysis showed that FDS reduced inter-limb hip asymmetry (orientation: 13.35\u00b0 to 10.65\u00b0, Trend Symmetry Index: 19.09\u00b0 to 15.46\u00b0), though no improvements were observed at the ankle. FDS with treadmill training improved hip and knee symmetry, supporting cyclogram-based assessments for gait rehabilitation and highlighting the need for targeted ankle interventions. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and optimize rehabilitation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17050631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T20:24:52Z","timestamp":1745353492000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantification of Foot Drop Stimulator Effects on Post-Stroke Hemiplegic Gait: A Cyclogram-Based Evaluation of Inter-Limb Gait Symmetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3854-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Marrone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maira Jaqueline","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1983-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Cerfoglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Oggebbio, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9835-3629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Pau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d\u2019Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3835-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micaela","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d\u2019Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Leban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d\u2019Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2640-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Tarabini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 1, 20156 Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Souza Pagnussat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6299-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Cimolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Oggebbio, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","article-title":"World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022","volume":"17","author":"Feigin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.08.029","article-title":"Factors Affecting Post-Stroke Motor Recovery: Implications on Neurotherapy after Brain Injury","volume":"340","author":"Alawieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Einstad, M.S., Saltvedt, I., Lydersen, S., Ursin, M.H., Munthe-Kaas, R., Ihle-Hansen, H., Knapskog, A.-B., Askim, T., Beyer, M.K., and N\u00e6ss, H. (2021). Associations between Post-Stroke Motor and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Study. 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