{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:11:50Z","timestamp":1760058710212,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"]}]},{"name":"Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Shaanxi Province","award":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"]}]},{"name":"Special Support Program for high level talents of Shaanxi Province","award":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Support Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province","award":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"]}]},{"name":"Special Research Fund of Education Department of Shaanxi","award":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"]}]},{"name":"National High-end Foreign Expert Project","award":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21978164","22078189","22105120","2021JC-046","2021JZY-001","2020GY-243","20JK0535","GDW20186100428"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lithium (Li) metal\u2019s exceptional low electrode potential and high specific capacity for next-gen energy storage devices make it a top contender. However, the unregulated and unpredictable proliferation of Li dendrites and the instability of interfaces during repeated Li plating and stripping cycles pose significant challenges to the widespread commercialization of Li metal anodes. We introduce the creation of a hydrogen bond network solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film that integrates zwitterionic groups, designed to facilitate the stability and longevity of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we design a PVA\/P(SBMA-MBA) hydrogen bond network film (PSM) as an artificial SEI, integrating zwitterions and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to synergistically regulate Li\u207a flux. The distinctive zwitterionic effect in the network amplifies the SEI film\u2019s ionic conductivity to 1.14 \u00d7 10\u22124 S cm\u22121 and attains an impressive Li+ ion transfer number of 0.84. In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals dynamic hydrogen bond reconfiguration under strain, endowing the SEI with self-adaptive mechanical robustness. These properties facilitate a homogeneous Li flux and exceptionally suppress dendritic growth. The advanced Li metal anode may endure over 1200 h at 1 mA cm\u22122 current density and 1 mAh cm\u22122 area capacity in a Li|Li symmetric battery. And in full cells paired with LiFePO4 cathodes, 93.8% capacity retention is reached after 300 cycles at 1C. Consequently, this work provides a universal strategy for designing dynamic interphases through molecular dipole engineering, paving the way for safe and durable lithium metal batteries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17050652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T11:47:41Z","timestamp":1745581661000},"page":"652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Artificial Interfacial Layers with Zwitterionic Ion Structure Improves Lithium Symmetric Battery Life and Inhibits Dendrite Growth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3045-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Advanced Performance Materials and Polymers, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1332-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoxian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huizhu","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2017.16","article-title":"Reviving the Lithium Metal Anode for High-Energy Batteries","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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