{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:13:18Z","timestamp":1760058798428,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12301477","42274166","JYTMS20230165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12301477","42274166","JYTMS20230165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education","award":["12301477","42274166","JYTMS20230165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12301477","42274166","JYTMS20230165"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["12301477","42274166","JYTMS20230165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12301477","42274166","JYTMS20230165"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adaptive optics (AO)-corrected retina flood illumination imaging technology is widely used for investigating both structural and functional aspects of the retina. Given the inherent low-contrast nature of original retinal images, it is necessary to perform image restoration. Total variation (TV) regularization is an efficient regularization technique for AO retinal image restoration. However, a main shortcoming of TV regularization is its potential to experience the staircase effects, particularly in smooth regions of the image. To overcome the drawback, a new image restoration model is proposed for AO retinal images. This model utilizes the overlapping group sparse total variation (OGSTV) as a regularization term. Due to the structural characteristics of AO retinal images, only partial information regarding the PSF is known. Consequently, we have to solve a more complicated myopic deconvolution problem. To address this computational challenge, we propose an ADMM-MM-LAP method to solve the proposed model. First, we apply the alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) as the outer-layer optimization method. Then, appropriate algorithms are employed to solve the ADMM subproblems based on their inherent structures. Specifically, the majorization\u2013minimization (MM) method is applied to handle the asymmetry OGSTV regularization component, while a modified version of the linearize and project (LAP) method is adopted to address the tightly coupled subproblem. Theoretically, we establish the complexity analysis of the proposed method. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art TV model across several metrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17050660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T11:35:13Z","timestamp":1746185713000},"page":"660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptive Optics Retinal Image Restoration Using Total Variation with Overlapping Group Sparsity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3353-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yurong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongsun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.aa.31.090193.000305","article-title":"Adaptive optics for astronomy: Principles, performance, and applications","volume":"31","author":"Beckers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. 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