{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T19:39:44Z","timestamp":1776973184587,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yanshan University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The translation of motion lift, as an important performance metric of a reversing six-link loader working device, is influenced by multiple factors, such as the mechanical structure, system components, and operational experience. To ensure that the loader\u2019s motion lift performance is optimized, this paper takes the fork trajectory and the horizontal angle between the bucket cylinder and the ground as the main optimization objectives. Kinematic modeling and multi-objective optimization are conducted to reduce the influence of external factors on the motion lift process. Firstly, a parametric model of the reversing six-link mechanism is established based on its geometric and symmetric characteristics, and the expressions for the fork\u2019s motion trajectory and the cylinder\u2013ground angle are derived. Then, an optimization model is constructed with the aim of minimizing both the translational error during fork lifting and the horizontal angle of the bucket cylinder. An improved multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed for the global search and optimization. Inspired by the principle of symmetry, the algorithm incorporates a structured search strategy that enhances convergence efficiency and solution balance. A multi-criteria decision function is further applied to identify the optimal solution from the Pareto front. Finally, a real-vehicle experiment validates the optimization results. The findings confirm that the proposed method significantly improves the translational performance of the fork and effectively controls the horizontal angle of the cylinder while also enhancing the driver\u2019s visibility and coordination of the entire system. These results provide a theoretical and engineering basis for the symmetry-informed multi-objective performance optimization of loader working devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17071084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T08:58:23Z","timestamp":1751878703000},"page":"1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Symmetry-Informed Optimization and Verification of Loader Working Device Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhikui","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingchao","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"},{"name":"XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Hebei Street 438, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongkuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huibin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Menglong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"XCMG Construction Machinery Co., Ltd., No. 99, Pengbei Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xuzhou 221001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ren, S. (2021). Fatigue Performance Study of Hydraulic Forming High-Strength Steel Wheel Rim D, Shenyang University of Technology."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. (2017). Kinematic Analysis and Optimization Design of Loader Working Device D, Tianjin University."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Kong, H.E., Fang, Z., and Zhu, D. (2009, January 21). Optimal Design of the Working Device for Loader Based on Virtual Prototype Technology. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Beijing, China."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, C., Su, S., and Xu, K. (2016, January 12\u201313). Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Loader Working Device Under Unloading Condition. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications, Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.2991\/aiea-16.2016.86"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"29","article-title":"Optimization Design of Loader Working Device Based on Composite Forming Method","volume":"51","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Equip. Veh. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"46","article-title":"Parameter Optimization Design of Excavator Working Device Based on Elite Ant Colony Algorithm","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sanming Univ."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"28","article-title":"Research on Integrated Optimization of Excavator Working Device Parameters Based on Hybrid Algorithm","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mech. Transm."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1007\/s40430-017-0798-5","article-title":"Optimal Design of a Hydraulic Excavator Working Device Based on Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"264","article-title":"Optimization Design of Working Device of ZL-80 Loader Based on Adams","volume":"50","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Math. Stat."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.490-495.3027","article-title":"Comprehensive Optimal Design of Working Device of Loader Based on Sensitivity","volume":"490","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"40","article-title":"Motion Simulation and Optimization of Loader Working Device","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Constr. Mach. Maint."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"131","article-title":"Performance Optimization of Stone Fork Working Device of Loader Based on Kinematics Simulation","volume":"55","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Mach."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"111","article-title":"Motion Analysis of Loader Working Device Construction Process Based on Matlab","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Equip. Manag. Maint."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"69","article-title":"Multi-objective Optimization of the Flip Mechanism of Mobile Garbage Compression Device","volume":"48","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mech. Transm."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"79","article-title":"Hinge Point Optimization of Boom Lifting Mechanism of Multi-functional Operation Vehicle in Forest Land","volume":"41","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mech. Des."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/7\/1084\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:05:49Z","timestamp":1760033149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/7\/1084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["sym17071084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym17071084","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]}}}