{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:59:01Z","timestamp":1769518741300,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12372069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12372069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12302083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12302083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023M731061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M731061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX20230109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX20230109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022RC1200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RC1200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["12372069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12372069"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["12302083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12302083"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2023M731061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M731061"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["BX20230109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX20230109"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2022RC1200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RC1200"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["12372069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12372069"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["12302083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12302083"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2023M731061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023M731061"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["BX20230109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX20230109"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2022RC1200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RC1200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aluminum (Al) alloys exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, seeing widespread use in various industrial fields. Here, we use a multiscale simulation method combining phase field method, dislocation dynamics, and crystal plasticity finite element method to reveal the evolution law of precipitates, the interaction mechanism between dislocations and precipitates, and the grain-level creep deformation mechanism in 7A09 Al alloy under creep loading. The phase field method indicates that Al alloys tend to form fewer but larger precipitates during the creep process, under the dominant effect of stress-assisted Ostwald ripening. The dynamic equilibrium process of precipitate is not only controlled by classical diffusion mechanisms, but also closely related to the local strain field induced by dislocations and the elastic interaction between precipitates. Dislocation dynamics simulations indicate that the appearance of multiple dislocation loops around the precipitate during the creep process is the main dislocation creep deformation mechanism. A crystal plasticity finite element model is established based on experimental characterization to investigate the macroscopic creep mechanism. The dislocation climb is hindered by grain boundaries during creep, and high-density dislocation bands are formed around specific grains, promoting non-uniform plastic strain and leading to strong strain gradients. This work provides fundamental insights into understanding creep behavior and deformation mechanism of Al alloy for deep-sea environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17071146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T14:13:43Z","timestamp":1752761623000},"page":"1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Creep Behavior and Deformation Mechanism of Aluminum Alloy: Integrating Multiscale Simulation and Experiments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9180-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering, No. 1 South Dahongmen Road, Beijing 100076, China"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoai","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}]},{"given":"Qiyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4739-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}]},{"given":"Qihong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111800","article-title":"Creep assessment of thermoplastic materials for non-structural components in marine engines","volume":"287","author":"Bardiani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compos. 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