{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T22:52:48Z","timestamp":1768085568522,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province","award":["2025CY-YBXM-450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CY-YBXM-450"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province","award":["JZ2025HGTB0205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2025HGTB0205"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province","award":["2025tlxyxdz067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025tlxyxdz067"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2025CY-YBXM-450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CY-YBXM-450"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["JZ2025HGTB0205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2025HGTB0205"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2025tlxyxdz067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025tlxyxdz067"]}]},{"name":"Tongling Huabiao Project Management Co., Ltd. Sponsored Research Project","award":["2025CY-YBXM-450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CY-YBXM-450"]}]},{"name":"Tongling Huabiao Project Management Co., Ltd. Sponsored Research Project","award":["JZ2025HGTB0205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2025HGTB0205"]}]},{"name":"Tongling Huabiao Project Management Co., Ltd. Sponsored Research Project","award":["2025tlxyxdz067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025tlxyxdz067"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Circular deep excavations, characterized by their symmetrical geometry, are commonly employed in constructing foundations for large-span suspension bridges and as launching shafts for shield tunneling. However, the mechanical behavior of such excavations under asymmetric surface surcharge remains inadequately understood due to a paucity of relevant investigations. This study addresses this knowledge gap by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model (3D-FEA) based on the anchor deep excavation project of a specific bridge. The model is utilized to investigate the influence of asymmetric surcharge on the forces and deformations within the supporting structure. The results show that both the internal force and displacement cloud diagrams of the support structure exhibit asymmetric characteristics. The distribution of displacement and internal forces has spatial effects, and the maximum values all occur in the areas where asymmetric loads are applied. The maximum values of the displacement, axial force, and shear force of underground continuous walls increase with the increase in the excavation depth. The total displacement curves all show the feature of a \u201cbulging belly\u201d. The maximum displacement is 13.3 mm. The axial force is mainly compression, with a maximum value of \u22129514 kN\/m. The maximum positive and negative values of the shear force are 333 kN\/m and \u2212705 kN\/m, respectively. The bending moment diagram of different monitoring points shows the characteristics of \u201cbow knot\u201d. The maximum values of the positive bending moment and negative bending moment are 1509.4 kN\u00b7m\/m and \u22122394.3 kN\u00b7m\/m, respectively. The axial force of the ring beam is mainly compression, with a maximum value of \u22125360 kN, which occurs in ring beams 3, 4, and 5. The displacement cloud diagram of the support structure under symmetrical loads shows symmetrical characteristics. Under different load conditions, the displacement curve of the diaphragm wall shows the characteristics of \u201cbulge belly\u201d. The forms of loads with displacements from largest to smallest at the same position are as follows: asymmetric loads, symmetrical loads, and no loads. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the structural design of similar deep excavation projects and contribute to promoting sustainable urban underground development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17081194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T16:06:17Z","timestamp":1753459577000},"page":"1194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Behavior of Large-Diameter Circular Deep Excavation Under Asymmetric Surface Surcharge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Engineering, Tongling University, Tongling 244000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4517-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youqiang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710075, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mining Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3435-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panpan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2025.106752","article-title":"Performance of pipeline suspension system for in-situ protecting large-diameter pressurized pipelines straddling deep braced excavation in clays","volume":"163","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tunn. 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