{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T20:45:46Z","timestamp":1778359546858,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52408521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52408521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52427812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52427812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2106222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2106222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GZB20230962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZB20230962"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5630114423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5630114423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF","award":["52408521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52408521"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF","award":["52427812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52427812"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF","award":["U2106222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2106222"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF","award":["GZB20230962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZB20230962"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF","award":["5630114423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5630114423"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China","award":["52408521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52408521"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China","award":["52427812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52427812"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China","award":["U2106222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2106222"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China","award":["GZB20230962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZB20230962"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China","award":["5630114423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5630114423"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present investigation presents the field measurement and prediction of tunneling-induced surface ground settlement in Tianjin Metro Line 7, China. The cross-section of a metro tunnel exhibits circular symmetry, thereby making it suitable for tunneling with a circular shield machine. The ground surface may deform during the tunneling stage. In the early stage of tunneling, few measurement data can be collected. To obtain a better usable prediction model, two kinds of neural networks according to the model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML) scheme are presented. One kind of deep learning strategy is a combination of the Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and the MAML model, named MAML-BPNN. The other prediction model is a mixture of the MAML model and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, named MAML-LSTM. Founded on several measurement datasets, the prediction models of the MAML-BPNN and MAML-LSTM are successfully trained. The results show the present models possess good prediction ability for tunneling-induced surface ground settlement. Based on the coefficient of determination, the prediction result using MAML-LSTM is superior to that of MAML-BPNN by 0.1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17081220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T09:41:17Z","timestamp":1754300477000},"page":"1220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning in Predicting Tunneling-Induced Surface Ground Deformation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"},{"name":"China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Rail Transit Construction Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1280-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan-Bin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenlian","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7471-815X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangxun","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, W., Kong, X., Tang, L., Chen, W., Hu, W., and Chen, G. 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