{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T03:38:53Z","timestamp":1779334733517,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61502239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61502239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20150924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20150924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61502239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61502239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20150924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20150924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Core problems in agile software project scheduling, such as resource-constrained balancing and iteration cycle optimization, embody the pursuit of symmetry. Simultaneously, optimization algorithms find extensive applications in symmetry problems, for example, in graphs and pattern recognition. Considering the cooperation among multiple teams and environmental changes in complex agile software development, a dynamic periodic scheduling model for multi-team agile software project is constructed, which includes three tightly coupled sub-problems, namely user story selection, user story-development team allocation, and task-employee allocation. To solve the model, a group learning particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed, which includes three novel strategies. First, the population is divided into four groups based on dual indicators of objective values and potential values. Second, different learning objects are selected according to the characteristic of each group so that the search diversity can be improved. Third, to react to the environmental changes and enhance the mining ability, heuristic population initialization and local search strategies are designed by utilizing the problem-specific information. Systematic experimental results on 13 instances indicate that compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms, the proposed algorithm is able to provide a schedule with better precision for the project manager in each sprint of the agile development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17081267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T08:09:35Z","timestamp":1754640575000},"page":"1267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi-Team Agile Software Project Scheduling Using Dual-Indicator Group Learning Particle Swarm Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiangyi","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, No. 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Meteorological Energy Utilization and Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Suzhou Inovance Automotive Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hastie, S. 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