{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T07:41:35Z","timestamp":1771054895774,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["ZR2024QE314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QE314"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["2025AFD749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AFD749"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Fund of Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZR2024QE314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QE314"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Fund of Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2025AFD749"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AFD749"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding asymmetric interactions among heterogeneous traffic participants is essential for managing congestion and enhancing safety at urban signalized intersections. This study proposes a cellular automaton modeling framework that captures the spatial and behavioral asymmetries among vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians, with a particular focus on right-of-way hierarchies and conflict anticipation. Beyond simulation, the framework integrates a behavior pattern mining module that applies unsupervised trajectory clustering to identify recurrent interaction patterns emerging from mixed traffic flows. Simulation experiments are conducted under varying demand levels to investigate the propagation of congestion and the structural distribution of conflicts. The results reveal distinct asymmetric behavior patterns, such as right-turn vehicle blockage, non-lane-based bicycle overtaking, and pedestrian-induced disruptions. These patterns provide interpretable insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of intersection performance and offer a data-driven foundation for optimizing signal control and multimodal traffic flow separation. The proposed framework demonstrates the value of combining microscopic modeling with data mining techniques to uncover latent structures in complex urban traffic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17081328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T08:39:07Z","timestamp":1755247147000},"page":"1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mining Asymmetric Traffic Behavior at Signalized Intersections Using a Cellular Automaton Framework"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yingxu","family":"Rui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China"}]},{"given":"Junqing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China"}]},{"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9640-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266110, China"}]},{"given":"Sulan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2003.819610","article-title":"Review of road traffic control strategies","volume":"91","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. 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