{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:13:53Z","timestamp":1770272033419,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]],"date-time":"2025-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["PID2021-123654OB-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123654OB-C31"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"FEDER, UE","award":["PID2021-123654OB-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-123654OB-C31"]}]},{"name":"FEDER, UE","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper introduces a novel strategy for the diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (FTC) of inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) faults in the stator windings of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines. ITSC faults are among the most common electrical issues in rotating machines: early detection is therefore essential to reduce maintenance costs and prevent severe damage to the wind turbine system. To address this, a Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) approach is proposed to identify and assess the severity of ITSC faults in the stator windings. A state-space model of the DFIG under ITSC fault conditions is first developed in the (d,q) reference frame. Based on this model, an Unknown Input Observer (UIO) structured using Takagi\u2013Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models is designed to estimate the fault level. To mitigate the impact of the fault and ensure continued operation under degraded conditions, a T-S fuzzy fault-tolerant controller is synthesized. This controller enables natural decoupling and optimal power extraction across a wide range of rotor speed variations. Since the effectiveness of the FTC relies on accurate fault information, a Proportional-Integral Observer (PIO) is employed to estimate the ITSC fault level. The proposed diagnosis and compensation strategy is validated through simulations performed on a 3 kW wind turbine system, demonstrating its efficiency and robustness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17081343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T07:53:12Z","timestamp":1755503592000},"page":"1343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fault-Tolerant Tracking Observer-Based Controller Design for DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Affected by Stator Inter-Turn Short Circuit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yossra","family":"Sayahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LabSTA, ENIS, University of Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7196-557X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moez","family":"Allouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LabSTA, ENIS, University of Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5619-5976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariem","family":"Ghamgui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LabSTA, ENIS, University of Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"},{"name":"ISAE-ENSMA, LIAS, University of Poitiers, B\u00e2t. B25, 2 Rue Pierre Brousse, TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISAE-ENSMA, LIAS, University of Poitiers, B\u00e2t. B25, 2 Rue Pierre Brousse, TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4046-3136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Tadeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Driss","family":"Mehdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISAE-ENSMA, LIAS, University of Poitiers, B\u00e2t. B25, 2 Rue Pierre Brousse, TSA 41105, 86073 Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-023-02079-9","article-title":"Control strategies and performance analysis of doubly fed induction generator for grid-connected wind energy conversion system","volume":"106","author":"Vardhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2378692","article-title":"High-power wind energy conversion systems: State-of-the-art and emerging technologies","volume":"103","author":"Yaramasu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. 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