{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:42:23Z","timestamp":1760060543623,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project, China","award":["2021AC19406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021AC19406"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate cohesion degradation in laterite soil under dry\u2013wet cycles\u2014a process exhibiting intrinsic asymmetric evolution in natural systems\u2014direct shear tests were conducted on natural and stabilized soils (guar gum\/coconut fiber composites) under simulated cycles. A cohesion prediction model was developed using the gray system GM(1,1) framework, with validation confirming its applicability and reliability. Results indicate the following: (1) Stabilized soils showed significantly increased cohesion and reduced cohesion degradation rates. (2) Compared to coconut fiber-stabilized soil, guar gum-stabilized soil exhibited smaller cohesion decay magnitude and more stable internal structure. (3) Cohesion degradation in both natural and stabilized soils conformed to the GM(1,1) model, achieving &gt;95% fitting accuracy across all groups (peak: 99.84% for natural soil). This model effectively characterizes the strength degradation process under dry\u2013wet cycles, establishing a novel methodology for predicting cohesion in natural\/stabilized laterite soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17091427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T12:04:28Z","timestamp":1756814668000},"page":"1427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of the GM(1,1) Model in Predicting the Cohesion of Laterite Soil Under Dry\u2013Wet Cycles with Temporal Translational Symmetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Binghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Ningshuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Jiankun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9234-8496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanhua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Engineering Research Center of Green Upgrade Key Technology for Energy Industry, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Jicheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Donghua","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1466","article-title":"Experimental study on damage characteristics of Guiyang red clay under cyclic loading and unloading","volume":"30","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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