{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T18:53:59Z","timestamp":1776797639225,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dezhou Intelligent Equipment Research and Development Center","award":["PT2025KJT004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2025KJT004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aiming at the control performance degradation of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems caused by uncertainties of internal and external disturbances, a robust control algorithm integrating an improved fast terminal sliding mode (IFTSM) surface with a novel adaptive reaching law (NARL) is proposed. A dynamic model of PMSM with disturbances is established, and an improved fast terminal sliding mode surface is designed. By introducing nonlinear terms and error derivative feedback mechanisms, the finite-time rapid convergence of system states is achieved, while solving the singularity problem of traditional terminal sliding mode control. Combined with the novel adaptive reaching law strategy, a state-dependent gain adjustment function is used to dynamically optimize the balance between reaching speed and chattering, enhancing the smoothness of the system\u2032s dynamic response. Through the synergy of the finite-time convergence characteristic of the improved sliding mode surface and the novel adaptive reaching law, the proposed algorithm significantly enhances the system\u2032s anti-interference capability against load mutations and parameter time variations. Experiment results demonstrate that under complex working conditions, the algorithm achieves superior speed tracking accuracy and current stability, providing a control solution with strong anti-interference capability and fast response for PMSM speed control systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17101586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T08:09:42Z","timestamp":1758614982000},"page":"1586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Research on Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Improved Fast Terminal Sliding Mode with Adaptive Control Law"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1052-8952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou 253000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2192-0466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou 253000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123907","article-title":"An improved sliding mode model reference adaptive system observer for PMSM applications","volume":"250","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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