{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:53:50Z","timestamp":1759334030645,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sports Culture Research Base (Huanggang Normal University) under the General Administration of Sport of China","award":["202530304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202530304"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Object detection in soccer scenes serves as a fundamental task for soccer video analysis and target tracking. This paper proposes WCC-YOLO, a symmetry-enhanced object detection framework based on YOLOv11n. Our approach integrates symmetry principles at multiple levels: (1) The novel C3k2-WTConv module synergistically combines conventional convolution with wavelet decomposition, leveraging the orthogonal symmetry of Haar wavelet quadrature mirror filters (QMFs) to achieve balanced frequency-domain decomposition and enhance multi-scale feature representation. (2) The Channel Prior Convolutional Attention (CPCA) mechanism incorporates symmetrical operations\u2014using average-max pooling pairs in channel attention and multi-scale convolutional kernels in spatial attention\u2014to automatically learn to prioritize semantically salient regions through channel-wise feature recalibration, thereby enabling balanced feature representation. Coupled with InnerShape-IoU for refined bounding box regression, WCC-YOLO achieves a 4.5% improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95 and a 5.7% gain in mAP@0.5 compared to the baseline YOLOv11n while simultaneously reducing the number of parameters and maintaining near-identical inference latency (\u03b4 &lt; 0.1 ms). This work demonstrates the value of explicit symmetry-aware modeling for sports analytics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17101612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T10:49:34Z","timestamp":1759142974000},"page":"1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Improved YOLOv11n Model Based on Wavelet Convolution for Object Detection in Soccer Scenes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanxin","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic and Intelligent Manufacturing, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic and Intelligent Manufacturing, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic and Intelligent Manufacturing, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic and Intelligent Manufacturing, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.02.0102.0005","article-title":"A Soccer Image Sequence Mosaicking and Analysis Method Using Line and Advertisement Board Detection","volume":"24","author":"Yoon","year":"2002","journal-title":"ETRI J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-3142(03)00025-0","article-title":"Color Image Segmentation by Pixel Classification in an Adapted Hybrid Color Space. 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