{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T09:33:39Z","timestamp":1763026419036,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the article \u201cNew Technological Approach to Cable Car Boarding\u201d, the authors attempted to correctly design the curve geometrically along which the rope moves through the station during the deceleration of cabins with attaching platforms in a central position, primarily intended for mass public transport. Since the suspension continuously connects the cabin and the rope during cabin deceleration, the rope moves at a constant speed along a special curve that enables the cabin to stop in the central position. This curve is symmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the station. However, the authors found that in the previous article presenting this cable car system, an error was made in the geometric design of the rope path curve, which the original authors were not aware of at the time. They determined that, in the presented example, a suspension length of 8 m was too short for the combination of rope speed of 5 m\/s (cable car speed) and cabin deceleration of 0.5 m\/s2. This article revisits this geometric problem in greater detail. The study shows that not every combination of rope speed, suspension length, and cabin deceleration in the central position functions correctly. First, the boundary conditions and spatial constraints of the rope path curve were defined. Based on the upper bound and lower bound rope path lengths, the optimal or correct shape of the rope path curve was determined geometrically. The study concludes that for a given combination of rope speed (cable car speed) and cabin deceleration, only one suspension length is suitable. In the case of a rope speed of 5 m\/s and cabin deceleration of 0.5 m\/s2, the correct suspension length is 16.85 m. The authors also found that the result depends on the time interval used in constructing the curve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17111945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T09:10:45Z","timestamp":1763025045000},"page":"1945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geometric Method for Solving the Rope Path Curve for Cabin Deceleration in Cable Car Station"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8357-5760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergej","family":"Te\u017eak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Kristijan","family":"Cafuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tr\u017ea\u0161ka cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Te\u017eak, S., and Lep, M. (2019). New Technological Approach to Cable Car Boarding. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11154017"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Doppelmayr, A. (1997). Denkastosse zur Funktionseerf\u00fclung von Einseilumlaufbhnen, Projektirung und Konstruktion im Sicherheitsregelkreissystem, Basoerend auf der Aanalyse von Vorf\u00e4llen, Doppelmayr."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"G\u00fcnthner, W.A. (1999). Seilbahntechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flesser, M., and Friedrich, B. (2022). Are We Taking Off? A Critical Review of Urban Aerial Cable Cars as an Integrated Part of Sustainable Transport. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su142013560"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubtr.2024.100094","article-title":"Integration of Urban Aerial Cable Cars into Public Transit: Operational Capacity Limits Due to Passenger Queuing at Stations","volume":"26","author":"Flesser","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Public Transp."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2014.11.005","article-title":"Public Transport and Accessibility in Informal Settlements: Aerial Cable Cars in Medell\u00edn, Colombia","volume":"4","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Procedia"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"D\u00e1vila, J. (2013). Urban Mobility and Poverty: Lessons from Medell\u00edn and Soacha, Colombia, Development Planning Unit, University College London & Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/272476924_Urban_Mobility_and_Poverty_Lessons_from_Medellin_and_Soacha_Colombia."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2023.2294752","article-title":"Aerial cable cars as a transit mode: A review of technological advances, service area characteristics, and societal impacts in Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"44","author":"Ettema","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2025.02.015","article-title":"A lifeline for the disconnected: A longitudinal study of a cable car\u2019s impact on accessibility, satisfaction, and leisure activities","volume":"165","author":"Guzman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transp. Policy"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160880","article-title":"Commuter\u2019s personal exposure to air pollutants after the implementation of a cable car for public transport: Results of the natural experiment TrUST","volume":"865","author":"Sarmiento","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190367","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-3369.013.e20190367","article-title":"Public transport modernization in the urban periphery: Is the end of informal transport? Case study: Overhead cable system \u201cTransMiCable\u201d in Ciudad Bol\u00edvar district, Bogot\u00e1\u2013Colombia","volume":"13","year":"2021","journal-title":"urbe. Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"253","article-title":"User expectations and perceptions towards new public transport infrastructure: Evaluating a cable car in Bogot\u00e1","volume":"50","author":"Arellana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transportation"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"38","article-title":"Cable cars in urban transport: Travel time savings from La Paz\u2013El Alto (Bolivia)","volume":"53","author":"Garsous","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Policy"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"204","article-title":"Getting a Lift: The Impact of Aerial Cable Cars in La Paz, Bolivia","volume":"23","author":"Martinez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Econ. LACEA J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urbmob.2022.100023","article-title":"Struggling with inertia: Regime barriers opposing planning and implementation of urban ropeways","volume":"2","author":"Reichenbach","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Urban Mobil."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"149","article-title":"Flying high in urban ropeways? A socio-technical analysis of drivers and obstacles for urban ropeway systems in Germany","volume":"56","author":"Reichenbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981231175889","article-title":"Modeling of an Urban Ropeway Integrated into a Crowded Transit System","volume":"2678","author":"Hofer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"477","article-title":"The research on the potential aerial tramway users\u2019 attitudes, opinions and requirements\u2014Example: Belgrade, Serbia","volume":"24","author":"Tica","year":"2017","journal-title":"Teh. Vjesn."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"194","article-title":"Use of mining freight cableway in urban mobility as a part of an integrated transport system","volume":"23","author":"Gaganova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Montan. Slovaca"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04013001","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000158","article-title":"Experiences with aerial ropeway transportation systems in the urban environment","volume":"140","author":"Alshalalfah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Urban Plan. Dev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/09669580902780745","article-title":"Visitors\u2019 perceptions of the use of cable cars and lifts in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site, China","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Tour."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"337","article-title":"Combined optimization methodology for operational planning and service policies: A case study of urban ropeway transport","volume":"47","author":"Martinod","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Transp. Econ."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000548","article-title":"Improvements and innovations in aerial ropeway transportation technologies: Observations from recent implementations","volume":"139","author":"Alshalalfah","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Transp. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.07.059","article-title":"A new electromagnetic vibrational energy harvesting device for swaying cables","volume":"228","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3796849","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3796849","article-title":"A New Nonlinear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for the Cable Car System to Restrain the Vibration","volume":"2020","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estand\u00eda, \u00c1., and Hutter, M. (2017, January 14\u201328). Robust damping of a ropeway gondola\u2019s wind oscillations with an actuated mass. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Vancouver, WA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2017.8206329"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.09.263","article-title":"Influence of motion parameters on incidence of resonant track rope vibrations in a bi-cable ropeway system","volume":"199","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2024.105949","article-title":"Turbulence correlation between moving trains and anemometer towers: Theoretical analysis, field measurements and simulation","volume":"255","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s40864-020-00137-0","article-title":"Designing Supporting Structures of Passenger Ropeways of Minimum Cost Based on Modular Intermediate Towers of Discretely Variable Height","volume":"6","author":"Lagerev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urban Rail Transit"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1080\/00423114.1999.12063129","article-title":"Dynamic feasibility study of a large high-speed cable car","volume":"33","author":"Sarobe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.20965\/jdr.2024.p0849","article-title":"Proposal of an Effective Way of Rescuing People from a Cable Car","volume":"19","author":"Wittenberger","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Disaster Res."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"309","article-title":"Discussion on the energy efficiency and electrotechnical questions of urban cable car system","volume":"Volume 569","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation (EITRT 2017)"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Doppelmayr Garaventa Group (2025, September 10). 3S Gondola Lift: Product Brochure. Doppelmayr, n.d. Available online: https:\/\/www.doppelmayr.com\/uploads\/tx_vcs\/Doppelmayr_Products_3S_Gondola_Lift_EN_14.pdf."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5038\/2375-0901.19.1.1","article-title":"Increasing the capacities of cable cars for use in public transport","volume":"19","author":"Sever","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Public Transp."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/stab.201720488","article-title":"Stahlbautechnische Probleml\u00f6sung bei einer Kurvenst\u00fctze einer Dreiseilbahn\u2014Penkenbahn im Zillertal","volume":"86","author":"Bischofberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stahlbau"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2015). Safety Requirements for Cableways Installation Designed to Carry Persons\u2014General Requirements\u2014Part 1: Requirements for All Installations (Standard No. EN 12929-1\/CEN\/TC 242)."}],"container-title":["Symmetry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/11\/1945\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T09:29:35Z","timestamp":1763026175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-8994\/17\/11\/1945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["sym17111945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sym17111945","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-8994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-8994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]}}}