{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:11:24Z","timestamp":1760213484664,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSIP\/IITP","award":["R0126-15-1045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R0126-15-1045"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016M3A9E1915855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M3A9E1915855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Symmetry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Facial muscle micro movements for eight emotions were induced via visual and auditory stimuli and were verified according to sex. Thirty-one main facial features were chosen from the Kinect API out of 121 initially obtained facial features; the average change of pixel value was measured after image alignment. The proposed method is advantageous as it allows for comparisons. Facial micro-expressions are analyzed in real time using 31 facial feature points. The amount of micro-expressions for the various emotion stimuli was comparatively analyzed for differences according to sex. Men\u2019s facial movements were similar for each emotion, whereas women\u2019s facial movements were different for each emotion. The six feature positions were significantly different according to sex; in particular, the inner eyebrow of the right eye had a confidence level of p &lt; 0.01. Consequently, discriminative power showed that men\u2019s ability to separate one emotion from the others was lower compared to women\u2019s ability in terms of facial expression, despite men\u2019s average movements being higher compared to women\u2019s. Additionally, the asymmetric phenomena around the left eye region of women appeared more strongly in cases of positive emotions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/sym8090086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T09:56:03Z","timestamp":1472550963000},"page":"86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Facial Feature Movements Caused by Various Emotions: Differences According to Sex"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Suh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongji-Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul 110-743, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoonkyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Graduate School, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongji-Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul 110-743, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6504-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eui","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongji-Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul 110-743, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13673-015-0052-z","article-title":"Heart rate monitoring using human speech spectral features","volume":"5","author":"James","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. 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